4. How would you deal, for logical purposes, with the difficulty where to draw the line between Observation and Inference ? 5. Describe the three stages of Induction mentioned by Venn, showing the different values attached to each stage by representative logicians. 6. Distinguish between the constructive and illustrative uses of hypotheses, showing the value of each. 7. What is the precise value of the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference? Refer in your answer to Venn's treatment of this Method. 3. Explain, and consider, Venn's distinction between the autocentric and the coinocentric points of view, especially as applied to ethics. MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. SECOND YEAR. SECOND PAPER. Professor Laurie. 1. Mention considerations which led Descartes to his initial doubt. How did this doubt differ in its character from scepticism? 2. Explain the origin, and consider the adequacy, of Descartes' criterion of certainty. 3. On what grounds was it maintained by Descartes that it is necessary to establish the existence of God before we can have any reasonable certainty of the existence of a material world ? Add any comments. 4. What was the Ontological argument? And what objections have been brought against it? 5. Point out the difficulties which Descartes encountered when he sought to move from our knowledge of ideas to the existence of an independent material world. 6. Mention those features in the philosophy of Descartes which led to Occasionalism. 7. Describe the nature and scope of Descartes' theory of animal automatism. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART I. SECOND PAPER. The Board of Examiners. 1. Prove the usual formulæ for (a) The energy stored up in a stretched spring. (b) The kinetic energy of a body rotating round a fixed axis. (c) The energy that a definite quantity of liquid at a given pressure can transmit. 2. Determine the force of attraction between the earth and the sun from the following data : Radius of earth's orbit = 1.5 x 1013 c.m. 3. Explain fully the method of determining coefficients of expansion of solids by weighing in water at different temperatures. 4. Prove that a given volume of moist air is lighter than the same volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. 5. Determine the focal length of a thin double convex lens in terms of the curvatures of its surfaces and the refractive index of its material. 6. Prove that the total number of lines of force that emanate from a conductor with a charge q is 4πq. Hence, or otherwise, show that the force just outside a charged conductor is 4πр. 7. State Ohm's law, and describe fully how to prove it. 8. Describe the construction and mode of action of the Gramme dynamo. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.—PART II. SECOND PAPER. The Board of Examiners. 1. Give a brief account of either Cornu's or Boys's measurement of the Constant of Gravitation. 2. Summarize the argument on which Van der Waals based his equation P+ α ᎡᎢ (+) (-8)=RT as representing the properties of fluids, and point out the defects in his reasoning. Shew that a constant volume thermometer filled with a fluid obeying this law will give absolute temperatures. 3. Describe Regnault's investigation of the relation between saturation pressure and temperature for aqueous vapour; and quote a formula which empirically represents his results. 4. Shew that the energy per unit volume of the dielectric medium is specified by KE2 8π Determine (a) the electric force, (b) the induction, (c) the energy per unit volume at a point 10 cm. distant from the centre of a small sphere in space charged with 5 positive units of electrification. 5. Describe Mance's method of determining the resistance of a battery, and give its theory. 6. Give an account of the method employed in determining an electrical resistance in absolute measure. 7. An engine passes through a station at a speed of 30 miles an hour, sounding its whistle, the pitch of which is 512. Find approximately the apparent change in pitch of the note to an observer on the platform. (Velocity of sound feet per second.) 1,084 8. Determine the area of the least circle of aberration of a concave mirror for light incident parallel to the axis. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART II. PRACTICAL EXAMINATION. The Board of Examiners. Only TWO experiments to be attempted. 1. Determine the mean cross-section and calibration errors of the given tube with the aid of the micrometer microscope and beam compass. 2. Find the specific gravity of sugar by the bottle method, applying all corrections; using kerosene oil as the intermediate liquid. |