386 quately charges, and infifts to have over and above of the price of thofe he parts with in fpecie. What number of books is he to deliver in lieu of A's paper, what cafh will make good the difference, and how much is B the gainer by this affair? As 8 s. 10s. ;: 6d. 7 d. advanced price of B's pamphlets. 2, 100 reams of paper. 20 +20 40, real 50, advanced }value of the paper.. 12 10s. B to have in cash. 40, value alfo of B's pamphlets. X40, fixpences in 11. 1600, pamphlets to be delivered. 401. 121. 108. = 271. 10 s. what they then stood him in; fo that the advantage to B was 121. 10s. 15. A and B barter; A hath 140 lb. 11 oz. of plate, at 6s. 4 d. per ounce, which in truck. he rates at 7 s. 2 d. an ounce, and allows a discount on his part to have of that in ready money; B has tea worth 9s. 6d. the pound, which he rates at 11 s. 2d. When they come to ftrike the balance, A received but 7 cwt. 2 qrs. 18 lb. of tea: pray what discount did A allow B, which of them had the advantage, and how much, in an article of trade thus circumftanced? S. d. 401691 at 7 2 563 134 605 1810, its adyan ced value. 5351. gs. 8d. 701. gs. 2 d. 479 I advanced value of B's tea. £ 519 7 69-4791. 1 s. = 401. 6s. 6d. discount hallowed by A. 70 9 2, A's advantage by the rife of his plate. £41 7 4 B's whole advantage. Q, E. F. Q. 16. A, with intention to clear 30 guineas on a bargain with B, rates hops at 16 d. per lb. that ftood him in od. B, apprised of that, fets down malt which coft 20s. a quarter at an adequate price; how much malt did they contract for ? As 10d.: 16 d. ::20 s. : 32s. advanced value of the malt. 32 2012, B's gain per quarter. Guineas 30 X 21 12) 630 (524 quarters 630 fhillings. 420 bufhels, the answer. 17. A Cc 2 17. A and B truck; A has 14 cwt. 81 lb. of Farnham hops, at 21. 19 s. per cwt. but in barter infifts on three guineas; B has wine worth 6 s. per gallon, which he raises in proportion to A's demand. On the balance A received but a hogfhead and a half of wine, pray what had he in ready money! As 2.95 3.5.3: 320339, advanced value of one gallon of wine. hogfhead of wine = 94.5 gal. X 320339 = 30.272.. 30.2721. 301. 5 s. 5 d. advanced value of the wine. • 461. 7 s. 6d. — 301. 5s. 5id. = 161. 2s. 1;d, Q. E. F. 1zd. 18. A, in order to put off 720 ells of damaged Holland, worth 5 s. an ell, at 6s. 8 d. propofes, in cafe he has half the value in money, to give B thereon a discount of 10 per cent. the reft A is to take out in faffron; which B, apprised of the whole management, rates in juftice at 30s. the pound: pray what was it really worth in ready money; and what quantity of faffron was he to deliver on the change? /720 ells. 1 144, real 15240, advanced value of the Holland. 24, discount. 216, remains. 108, paid in ready money. 216: 144: 30s: 20s, per pound, real value of the faffron. And 1.5 1.1 lb.: 108: 72 lb. the quantity delivered. Q. E. F. *** CHAPTER VI. SECT. I. EXCHANGE. XCHANGING the coins of one country into those of another, is like the bufinefs of bartering commodities (that is) it confifts of finding what fum of one country coin will be equal in value to any proposed fum of another country's coin; and in order to perform that, it will be neceffary to have a true account at all times of the juft value of thofe foreign coins which are to be exchanged, as they are compared in value of our English coin; for the par of exchange (as the merchants call it) differs almost every day from London to other countries; that is, it rifes and falls, according as money is plenty or fcarce, or according to the time allowed for payment of money in exchange. If our purchases and payments in foreign countries exactly balance their purchases and payments in ours, there will be just enough of bills on the one to clear accounts with the other; fo that in this cafe the exchange on both fides will be at par; that is, one who gives money in one country, will receive as much in the other in weight and standard. If a nation fupplies us with more than it takes from us, or if we pay that nation more money than it pays to us, there will be a balance against us, which we muft neceffarily pay; in order to which, the demand for the money of that nation, or its bills of exchange, becomes greater among us than the quantity to supply that demand, which raises the value of their money or bills, and lowers ours; or, in other words, puts the price of their money above par, and ours below it, which conftitutes what we call the course of exchange. From hence we may naturally infer, I. That the course of exchange betwixt two nations is a herald, which proclaims publickly the ftate of commerce and CF3 money money-negociations betwixt them, and which of the two is indebted to the other. II. That the nation which is indebted hath the difadvantage in commerce and money-tranfactions; and that the one which hath the balance in its favour, hath in every refpect the advantage. III. That the balance of trade naturally imports fpecie, and renders money at home more valuable abroad; whereas, on the other hand, when the balance is against a nation, their specie is exported, and becomes thereby lefs valued, The English standard for gold coin is 22 carats of fine gold, and two carats or of alloy. དུས་ In the royal mint a pound of standard gold is divided into 441⁄2 parts, each a guinea, at which rate a guinea will weigh 5 pennyweights, 9.4382 grains. The English ftandard for filver is 11 ozs. 2 pwts. of fine filver, and 18 pwts. of alloy, in the pound = 3 The pound weight ftandard filver is divided into 62 parts, each a fhilling; so that a fhilling will weigh 3 pwts. 20.9 grains, ATABLE of the proportion of the value in several nations of the world between gold and filver, taken from Poftlethwayt's Univerfal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce. Spain and Portugal But as they required a premium of fix per cent. on payments in filver, it reduces it to England Explamation and use of the following TABLE of coins (viz.) |