PRACTICALLY APPLIED,

FOR ADVANCED PUPILS,

AND FOR PRIVATE REFERENCE,

DESIGNED AS A

SEQUEL TO ANY OF THE ORDINARY TEXT-BOOKS ON THE SUBJECT.

BY HORACE MANN, LL.D.,

THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BOARD OF EDUCATION,

AND PLINY E. CHASE, A.M.,

AUTHOR OF THE COMMON-SCHOOL ARITHMETIC.'

PHILADELPHIA:

PUBLISHED BY E. H. BUTLER & CO.
1851.

118.51.537

PARVAR CFGE LIBRARY

FROM THE GIFT OF

CHARLES HERBERT THURBER

Joe C-26, 1227

Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by

HORACE MANN AND PLINY E. CHASE,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

JUST PUBLISHED,

THE ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC, PART FIRST, for Primary Schools. The SECOND PART, for Grammar Schools, which is in course of preparation, will complete the following Arithmetical Series:

ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC, PART FIRST. By HORACE MANN and PLINY E. CHASE.

ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC, PART SECOND. BY HORACE MANN and PLINY E. CHASE.

COMMON-SCHOOL ARITHMETIC. By PLINY E. CHASE.
ARITHMETIC PRACTICALLY APPLIED.

PLINY E. CHASE.

By HORACE MANN and

E. B. MEARS, STEREOTYPER.

C. SHERMAN, PRINTER.

ARITHMETIC.

I. SYMBOLS.

1. THE following characters, or symbols, are frequently employed in Arithmetic to represent the operations that are to be performed upon quantities:

Ex.:

The sign + (plus or and) shows that the numbers between which it is placed, are to be added together. 5+6; 3+10+27.

The sign (minus or less) shows that the quantity which follows it, is to be subtracted from the one which precedes it. Ex.: 11-8; 29-16.

The sign = (equal) shows that the quantity which follows it, is equivalent to the quantity which precedes it. Ex.: 4+19-27-18+14 (read 4 plus 19 equal 27 minus 18 plus 14); 65-27+3=41.

The sign × (times) shows that the numbers between which it is placed, are to be multiplied together. Ex.: 4x15-60; 3× 10-6 x 5. Multiplication is also sometimes expressed by a point, thus: 415-60; 3 10 6.5.

The signor (divided by) shows that the former of two quantities is to be divided by the latter. Ex.: 240÷ 15-16; 108: 9-36: 3. Division is also represented by placing the dividend above, and the divisor below a hori276-95+15 zontal line. Ex.:

2x7

= 14.

or a parenthesis (), shows that several (15)