Repeat the following Numeration Table, and the corresponding value of the figures prefixed. SIMPLE ADDITION. VII. 1. You bought an orange for 9 cents, and a melon for 15 cents; what did you pay for both? 2. James bought a top for 6 cents, a knife for 12 cents, and an inkstand for 8 cents; how much did they all come to? 3. Harry and James lost some money; James lost 20 cents, and Harry 12; how much did both lose? 4. A boy laid out 10 cents in marbles, 8 cents in quills, and 6 cents for a slate-pencil; how much did he lay out in all? 5. You give 40 cents for a Practical Arithmetic, 8 cents for a rúlér, 9 cents for an inkstand, and lose 6 cents; how much money has gone from you? 6. A man gave his children money in the following manner; to his oldest 3 dollars, to James 5 dollars, to Thomas 9 dollars, and to his two daughters, 4 dollars apiece; how much did he give away? 7. A boy bought 20 marbles for 20 cents, 6 peaches for 8 cents, and 3 apples for 2 cents; how much money did he lay out? 8. A man bought a cart for 6 dollars, a plough for 2 dollars, a pair of steers for 9 dollars, and 2 acres of land for 8 dollars; how much did he lay out in all? 9. How old would you be, were your age double what it now is? 10. If you had three times as many fingers and thumbs as you have now, how many would you have in all? 11. Ilow many quarters to an apple, or any thing? 12. How many thirds to an apple, or any thing? 13. If an apple, a number, or any thing, is divided into 4 equal parts, what would one of those parts be called? A. One quarter, or 1. 14. In the above, if divided into 3 equal parts, what would one part be called? 15. If an apple, or any thing, is divided into 5 equal parts, what would one part be called? A. One fifth, or . 16. What would 2 parts be called? A. Two fifthis, or . 17. What would 4 parts be called? 18, How many parts does it take to make 5 fifths? A. 5. 19. How many parts does it take to make the whole? A. 5. 20. Why is the whole? A. Because the whole of the apple was divided into 5 equal parts. 21. If of an apple cost 2 cents, what will a whole apple cost? 22. If of an apple cost 1 cent, what will the whole cost Note A.-Of the two following tables, the first is to be added from left to right, thus, 1 and 2 are 3; then the next line, thus, 1 and 2 are 3, and 3 are 6; then the next line, thus, 1 and 2 are 3, and 3 are 6, and 4 are 10; and thus with all the lines. The second is to be added from left to right, in the same manner. The learner, in reciting either, is not to look on the book; the order of the figures being such as to render it unnecessary. 12 123 1234 23. What is the sum of the following numbers? 12345 123456 1234567% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 123456789 1234567 8 9 10 1234567 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A. 36 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 A. 96 A. 45 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A. 55 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 A. 103 A. 120 A. 132 A. 144 24. If of an apple be worth 1 cent, how much is a whole apple worth? 25. If of a vessel be worth 1000 dollars, how much is the whole vessel worth? How much is worth? 26. If you give 300 dollars for of a house, how much is the whole house worth? How much is worth? 27. If of an apple cost 2 cents, what is the whole apple worth? 28. If of a factory be worth 2000 dollars, what is the whole worth? 29. 16 boys, throwing stones at an apple-tree, beat off a number of apples: says one boy, My part is, and I am entitled to one apple; how many apples is then? How many? How many? How many ? How many? How many 18? 30. 16 men caught so many fish, that they could not count them; a bystander told one man that his part was 100, just 16 of the whole; how many fish would be? How many? How many? How many How many 1? How many fish did they catch in all? ? 31. John was born twenty years after James; how old will James be when John is 21? 32. When Joseph was 21, he married a wife that was 10 years old when he was born; how old was the wife when Joseph married? 87 and 9? 37 and and 7? 48 and 7? 33. How many are 7 and 9? 47 and 9? 9? 7 and 5? 27 and 5? 57 and 5? 8 68 and 7? 58 and 7? 78 and 7? 8 and 8? 28 and 8? 48 and 8? 58 and 8? 78 and 8? 98 and 8? 9 and 9? 39 and 9? 59 and 9? 79 and 9? 69 and 9? 6 and 6? 36 and 6?,56 und 6? 76 and 6? 96 and 6? 106 and 6? Note A.-After the manner of the last examples, the pupil should be taught to perform the following. Should he hesitate in any instance, as, for example, in adding 8 to 88, just say to him, 8 and 8 are 16, and he will soon see that 88 and 8 are 96, there being a 6 in both cases. By this means, if he can add any two numbers together, both under 10, he may be taught to add any number smaller than 10 to any number larger than 10. Note B.-The following may be added by calling each finger a figure. Care should be exercised, lost the learner give the total amount from the book, without making the individual additions for himself. 34. Add 5 twos, and 5 threes together: thus-2 and 2 are 4 and 2 are 6, and 2 are 8, and 2 are 10, and 3 are 13, and 3 are 16, and 3 are 19, and 3 are 22, and 3 are 25. Add 5 fours, 5 threes, and 5 twos together. A. 45 5 fives, 5 fours, and 5 threes 66 A. 60. 5 sixes, 5 fives, and 5 fours 5 sevens, 5 sixes, and 5 fives 5 eights, 5 sevens, and 5 sixes A. 70. Q. What is this which you have now been doing called? A. Addition. Q. What, then, may the putting together of two or more numbers, and finding how much they make, be called? A. Addition. Q. What is the putting together, or collecting of several numbers, of the same name, or denomination, called? A. Simple Addition. Q. What do you mean by the same name, or denomination ? A. All pounds, all dollars, all cents, or all drams, &c. How many are 20 and 30? What do you call the 50? A. Amount. Note C.-It is thought advisable, whenever the operation of the first sum in any rule is given, to direct the pupil, after a careful attention to the questions in the book, to copy the sum on his slate, and from this to answer the questions respecting the work, without looking on the book at recitation. Operation by Slate illustrated. 1. A man bought a cart for 25 dollars, a yoke of oxen for 69 dollars, and a plough for 7 dollars. What did he give for the whole ? OPERATION. Cart, Oxen, Plough, 25 dollars. do In writing this example down, why you place the 7 (units) under the 9 (units)? why not place it under the 69 dollars. 6 (tens)? A. Because, if I should, the 7 dollars. 7 units would become 7 tens, or 70; that is, the 7 dollars would become Amount, 101 dollars. 70 dollars. How do you obtain the 1 in the Ans.? A. I say 7 (urits) and 9 (units) are 16 (units), and 5 more (units) are 21 (units), or 2 tens and 1 unit, writing the 1 in the units' place. What do you do with the 2 tens? A. I carry, or add them to the 6 (tens), in the next higher place, where all the tens belong. What is this adding of the 2 tens called? A. Carrying one for every ten. How do you proceed to get the 10 in the Ans.? A. The 2 (tens) to carry, and 6 (tens) make 8 (tens), and the 2 (tens) over the 6 (tens) are 10 (tens). From these illustrations we derive the following RULE. I. How do you write the numbers down? A. Units under units, tens under tens, &c. with a line underneath. II. At which hand do you begin to add? A. The right. III. If the amount of any column be 9, or less, how do you -proceed? A. Set it down. IV. If it be more than 9, what do you do? A. I set down the right hand figure, and carry the left hand figure, or figures, to the next column. V. Which figure would you write down, and which carry in 18, 10, 13, 36, 81, 94, 108, 58, 67, 125 ? VI. What do you do with the amount of the last column? A. I set the whole of it down. PROOF. How do you prove the operation? A. Begin at the top, and add the figures downward in the same manner as they were added upwards. What must this amount be like? A. The first amount. More Exercises for the Slate. Note D.-To save the trouble of having the pupil running up continually to his teacher to know if his sums be right, and to prevent the learner from copying the answers on his slate from the book, indirect answers will be given through the book, when that can conveniently be done: in other cases direct answers will be given. 2. A man bought a suit of clothes for 57 dollars, a pair of boots for 8 dollars, and a secretary for 28 dollars. What did he give for the whole? A. 93. 3. In an orchard, 20 trees bear ears, 54 bear peaches, and 6 bear plums. How many are there in the orchard? A. 80. 4. A man bought a barrel of flour for 10 dollars, a barrel of molasses for 29 dollars, and a barrel of ru for 36 dollars. How much did he pay for all the articles? A. 75. 5. Jaines bought at one time 89 marbles, at another me 54, at another 60, and at another 75. How many did he buy all? A. 278. in C. A man gives 89 dollars for 4 of a chaise; how much must he give for the whole at that rate? A. 267. 7. You expend for a gold watch 165 dollars, for a chaise 225 dollars, for a new suit of clothes 80 dollars, and give your father 400 dollars. How much money have you parted with in all? A. 870. 8. If of a vessel be worth 2265 dollars, what is the whole Vossel worth? A. 6795 dollars. |