9. What is the whole stock which a man has in trade worth, ifbe worth 3500 pounds? A. 14000 pounds. 10. If one man own of a bank, and his part cost 26000 dollars, what would the whole be worth at that rate? A. 208000 dollars. 11. Suppose my neighbour should borrow of me at one time 656 dollars, at another 50 dollars, at another 3656 dollars, and at another 5000 dollars; how much should I lend him in all? A. 9362 dollars. 12. A merchant owes 617 dollars to Messrs. B. & T. C. Hoppin, 516 dollars to Messrs. B. & C. Dyer, 600 dollars to the Exchange Bank, 1000 dollars to the Union Bank; I demand how much he owes in the whole? A. 2733 dollars. 13. A merchant bought at one time 600 barrels of beef, at another 500 barrels, at another 416 barrels; how many barrels did he buy in the whole? A. 1516 barrels. 14. James was born A. D. 1800; what year of our Lord will it be, when James is 37 years of age? A. 1837. 15. Gen. George Washington was born A. D. 1732, and lived 67 years; in what year did he die? A. 1799. 16. From the creation of the world to the flood was 1656 years; from thence to the building of Solomon's temple, 1336 years; thence to the birth of our Saviour, 1008 years; in what year of the world was the birth of Christ? A. Anno Mundi 4000. *The teacher will observe that the amounts of the several sums are divided by 3, and the quotients given for the answers will be found in sum No 27, each quotient being set against the No. of the sum, that he may more readily tell, if the sum be right. (26.) Furlongs. 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 0 1 3 7 9 5 4 3 2 105 6 5 1 3 Total amount. 20526977 4 3 2 5 9 2 7 0 0 4 6 2 9 7 31 23. Add 8541, 1256, 3560, and 2456 together. A. 15813. 29. Add 15000 dolls. 2500 dolls. 36594 dolls. 29321 dolls. to gether. . 83415 dolls. 30. Add 11000 mills, 1100 mills, 110 mills, and 11 mills together. A. 12221 mills. 31. Add 555555 ounces, 3333 ounces, 66 ounces, 4444444 ounces, and 22222 ounces together. A. 5025620. 32. What is the sum of the following numbers? viz. Twenty-five, Three hundred sixty-five, Two thousand one hundred and forty-five, Eighty-nine thousand, Four hundred eighty-five, Nine millions and six, Ninety millions and nine thousand. A. 99101026. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION. ↑ VIII. 1. George had 10 apples, and gave 6 of them to William; how many did he have left? Why? A. Because 4 and 6 are 10. 2. Rufus, having 20 dollars, gave 12 to James; how many had he left? Why? 3. A man, owing 30 dollars, paid 20; how many did he then Owe? 4. A man, having 100 dollars, lost 50 of them; how many had he left? 5. A merchant bought a piece of cloth for 120 dollars, and sold it for 140 dollars; how much did he make by the bargain? 6. From 100 take 20; take 10; take 40; take 60; take 70.; take 80; take 90; take 95; take 85; take 75; take 5; take 15. 7. John, having 75 apples, gave 20 to his oldest brother, 20 to his youngest, and 20 to his sister; how many had he left? 8. Harry had 25 marbles in both pockets; he lost 9 out of one pocket, and 7 out of the other; how many had he left? 9. William has two pockets, both of which will hold 75 peaches; he has in one 15, and in the other 45; how many more will both hold? 10. A boy, returning with a basket full of oranges, containing 100, and meeting his cousin by the way, gave him 20; how many did he carry home? 11. Two boys were playing at marbles; each had 20 when they began; John lost 5; how many did each have then? When the unfortunate boy had lost all but 2, how many had James won from John? 12. You bought 100 new marbles for 50 cents, and sold Peter 10 for 15 cents; Harry 6 for 10 cents, and Thomas 34 for 20 cents; how many marbles had you remaining? and how much more did you pay for them than what you sold came to? 13. How many quarters to an apple, or any thing? How many thirds? How many fifths? How many sixths? Sevenths? 14. If you had 4 pencils, and should give away, how many would you have left? 15. If you had 3 cents, and should give away, how many would you have left? 16. If you had 8 pencils, and should give away, how many would you have left? 17. How many would you have left each time, if you should give away,, 1, 8, 7? 18. If you had 16 marbles, and should give away 6. 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 18, 18, 18, how many would you have left each time? Q. What is this which you have now been doing called? A. Subtraction. Q. What, then, is the taking of one number from another of the same name, or denomination, called? A. Simple Subtraction? Q. What do you mean by the same name, or denomination ? A. When the numbers are either all dollars, or all days, or all slullings, or all seconds, &c. Q. In Addition, you recollect that you were required to put together two or more numbers, to find their amount; now it seems that we are to take one number from another to find their difference how, then, does Subtraction appear to differ from Addition? A. It is exactly the opposite of Addition. Q. What is the largest number called? A. The Minuend Q. What is the smaller number called? A. The Subtrahend. Q. What is that which is left after subtracting called? A. The Difference, or Remainder. Q. From the above, how many parts do there appear to be in Subtraction, and what are they? A. Three-Minuend, Subtrahend, and Difference. Operation by Slate illustrated. 1. A man, having 387 dollars, lost 134 dollars; how many had he left? OPERATION. He had 387 dollars, the Minuend. Had left 253 dollars, the Remainder. In this example how do you obtain the 3, 5, and 2, in the Re A. I mainder? say 4 (units) from 7 (units) leaves the 3 (units); 3 tens from 8 (tens) leaves the 5 (tens), and 1 (hundreds) from 3 (hundreds) leaves the 2 hundreds. 2. A man bought a wagon for 62 dollars, and a harness for 39 dollars; what did the wagon cost him more than the har ness? OPERATION. Wagon, Difference, 23 dollars. 62 dollars. In this example we have a little difficulty in attempting to subtract as before, by saying 9 (units) from 2 (units); but suppose we take one ten from the 6 tens, the next upper figure, which would leave 5 (tens), and join or add this 1 (ten), that is, 10 units, to the 2 units, making 12 units; how would you, then, proceed to get the 3? A. I would say, 9 (units) from 12 (units) leaves 3 (units). Now, as we took 1 ten from the 6 tens, it is evident that we must call the 6 tens 5 tens, and say, 3 tens from 5 tens leave 2 tens; but suppose that, instead of making the upper figure 1 less, calling it 5, we should make the lower figure one more, calling it 4, what would be the result, and how would you proceed? A. I would say, 1 to carry to 3 makes 4, and 4 from 6 leaves 2,the same as before. What is this taking 1 from 6, and adding it to 2, the upper figure, called? A. Borrowing ten. PROOF-If 8 from 14 leaves 6,because 6 and 8 are 14, how would you proceed to prove the operation? A. I add 23 (the Difference) to 39, (the Subtrahend,) making 62, an amount like the Minuend-therefore right. From these illustrations we derive the following RULE. I. How do you write the numbers down? A. The less under the greater. II. How do you place units, tens, &c.? A. Units under units, tens under tens, &c. III. At which hand do you begin to subtract? A. The right. IV. How do you subtract each figure in the lower line? A From the figure above it. V. What do you set down? A. The Difference. VI. If the lower figure be greater than that above it, what do you do? A. Add ten to the upper figure. VII. What do you do then? A. From this amount take the lower figure. VIII. What do you set down? A. The Difference. IX. How many do you carry in all cases, when the lower figure is greater than that above it? A. One. PROOF. Which numbers do you add together to prove the operation? A. The Difference and Subtrahend. IVhat must the amount be like? A. The Minuend. |