19. At 60¢ a gross, 2 doz. buttons cost cents. (m) At $1.60 per gross, 75 doz. buttons cost how much? (n) Make a receipted bill of the following goods sold by yourself to Christopher Columbus : Sept. 1, 1230 lb. pork @ $4.60 per cwt., and 1080 lb. beef @ $6.75 per cwt. paper costs cents; cents. 20. At $2.40 per ream, 1 quire of cents; 6 sheets cost 12 sheets cost (0) Bought paper @ $2.40 per ream and sold it at 15¢ a quire. What was the gain on 3 reams? (p) At 74 a quire, how much will 1440 sheets of paper cost? *Pork and beef are usually bought and sold by the hundredweight (cwt.), hay and coal by the ton, and lath and brick by the thousand (M.). MEASUREMENTS. 1. Draw carefully upon your slate or paper, on a scale of in. to the foot, a diagram of a rectangular grass plot 50 ft. by 40 ft. Represent a gravel walk 5 feet wide just outside the grass plot and extending entirely around it. The diagram of the grass plot is inches long inches wide. and the diagram is and The width of the walk as shown in of an inch. The entire length of the figure including the diagram of the grass plot and walk is and inches. (a) How many square feet in the grass plot described in problem 1? (b) How many square yards? (c) The perimeter of the grass plot described in problem 1 is how many feet? (d) How many yards? (e) The perimeter of the outside of the gravel walk described in problem 1, is how many feet? (f) How many yards? (g) The outside perimeter of the gravel walk described in problem 1 is how much greater than the inside perimeter ? (h) How many square feet in the walk? (i) How many square yards in the walk? (j) How much did it cost to make the walk at 544 per square yard? 2. A floor 14 ft. by 17 ft. is to be covered with a carpet that is one yard wide. If the breadths are 17 feet long, breadths will be required. If the breadths are 14 ft. long, breadths will be required. (k) If there is no waste in matching, how many yards of carpet will be required for the room described in problem 2 if 17-foot strips are used? (1) How many yards if 14-foot strips are used? (b) If one ton of coal is worth $6.50, how much is 18 cwt. of coal worth at the same rate? (c) If 6 cwt. of flour is worth $12.30, how much is 1 ton of flour worth at the same rate? 11. Forty pounds are of 1 cwt. (d) If 1 cwt. of sugar is worth $5.25, how much is 40 lb. of sugar worth? 12. Eighty pounds are of 80 lb., or of 1 cwt. times 80 lb. 1 cwt. is (e) If 80 lb. of beef is worth $5.60, how much is 1 cwt. of beef worth at the same rate? PERCENTAGE. 1. 40% more than 25 is * 40% less than 25 is 2. 16% more than 30 is (h) $831 is 40 (i) $658 is 16 16% less than 30 is 331% less than 36 is (b) 40% less than $570 = † 36 is 40% less than 40 is 16% less than 30 is 331% less than (g) $245 is 40 per cent more than how many dollars? per cent less than how many dollars? per cent more than how many dollars ? per cent less than how many dollars? (3) (j) $645 is 16 -% more than 50.§ 50 is -% less than 60 || % less than 50. 7. 70 is *40% of what? 40%. 2 of 25 10. 25+ 10 = 35. †Think of x as standing for the number sought (the base). Then 49 = x and 2 fifths of x, or of x. Since 49 is 7 of x, 1 fifth of x is 7, and the whole of x = 5 times 7, or 85. 36 x less 2 fifths of x, or 3 of x. 270 is 20 more than 50, or 8 of 50 more than 50. 8. = 40%. 1 50 is 10 less than 60, or 18 of 60 less than 60. 18 = 1, or 163 %. PERCENTAGE. 1. Hiram had $50; Samuel had $40; Hiram had % more than Samuel; Samuel had -% less than Hiram. (a) Mr. Cooper has 880 bushels of corn; Mr. Judd has 660 bu. Mr. Judd has how many per cent less than Mr. Cooper? (b) Mr. Cooper has how many per cent more than Mr. Judd? 2. In 1896 a farmer raised 60 bu. of oats to the acre; this was a 50% better yield than he had in 1895; in 1895 he raised bushels to the acre.* (c) In 1896 a farmer sold 726 bushels of wheat; this was 50% more than he sold in 1895. he sell in 1895? How many bushels did Benjamin earns 40% dollars a month. 3. William earns $30 a month; more than William; Benjamin earns Joseph earns 50% more than Benjamin; Joseph earns dollars a month. (d) Isaac earns $27.50 a month; Ralph earns 40% more than Isaac. How much does Ralph earn per month? (e) Clinton earns 50% more than Ralph. How much does Clinton earn per month? 4. Good cheese is worth 184 a pound; this is 50% higher than it was 1 year ago; a year ago it was worth cents. (f) A certain brand of flour is worth $5.55 per barrel. If this is 50% more than it was worth a year ago, what was it then worth? *Think of x as standing for the yield of 1895. Then 60 bu. or of x. Since 60 bu. = § of x, x = —— bushels. =x and 1 half of x, |