1 Year, Y. 13 Lunar or 12 Solar months or 365 Days NOTE. 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 48 seconds, make a solar year according to the most exact observation. April, June, September and November, have each 30 days; each of the other months has 31 except February, which has 28 in common years and 29 in leap years.* 30 years make an age, and 100 years a century. A lunar month is 29d. 12h. 44m. 3s. nearly. *To find whether any given year will be leap year. RULE.-Divide the given year by 4; if nothing remain, it is leap year; but if there be a remainder, that is the number of years after leap year. Was 1823 leap year? EXAMPLE. 4)1823 455-3 rem. which shows it to have been the 3d after leap year. The last year in every three centuries out of four, which would otherwise be leap year, is to be reduced to a common year. To find whether the last year in any given century is leap year. RULE.-Divide the given century only, or the hundreds in the year, by 4; if nothing remain, it is leap year; but a remainder shews it is to be counted a common year. REDUCTION. REDUCTION teaches to change the denomination of numbers without altering their value. RULE. When the reduction is from a higher denomination to a lower, as pounds into shillings, tons into ounces, &c. multiply the highest denomination by as many of the next lower as make one of the highest, adding to the product the parts of the same name; multiply this sum by the next lower, adding to the product the parts of its own name, if any; and so on to the denomination required. When the reduction is from a lower to a higher denomination, pence into pounds, minutes into days, &c. divide the given number by as many of that denomination as make one of the next higher, and so on, to the denomination required; and the last quotient with the several remainders, (if any) will be the answer required. The proof is had by reversing the question. EXAMPLES. MONEY. 1. In 476 pounds, how many shillings and pence? 2. In 3694 shillings, how many pence? Ans. 44328. 3. How many farthings in 69217 pence? Ans. 276868. 4. Reduce 6942 pounds to farthings. Ans. 6664320. 5. In £49 19s. 113d. how many farthings? £. s. d. gr. 49 19 11 3 20 999 Shillings. 12 11999 Pence. 4 Ans. 47999 Farthings. 6. How many Pence in £472 13s. 4d.? Ans. 113440. 7. How many pounds in 467216 farthings? 4)467216 12)116804 2,0)973,3 8d. Ans. £486 13s. 8d. 8. How many pounds in 9752 pence? Ans. £40 12s. 8d. 9. In 648 English guineas,* how many pence? * TABLE, Ans. 217728. Showing the weight and value of several pieces of For eign Coins. £ s. d. cts. An English Shilling is 1 4 or By an Act of Congress, passed April 29th, 1816, the gold coins of Great Britain and Portugal, are estimated at 27 grains to the dollar; those of France at 27 grains to the dollar; and those of Spain and her dominions, at 28 grains to the do llar. 1 7 31 4 54 1 1 3 3 5431 " 10. How many Eng. guineas in 28560 pence? Ans. 85. 11. In 37 Spanish pistoles, how many farthings? Ans. 37740. 12. In 48960 farthings, how many pence, three-pences, six-pences and dollars? Ans. 12240 pence, 4080 threepences, 2040 six-pences and 170 dollars. 13. In 427 moidores, how many dollars and pounds? Ans. $2562, or £768 12s. 14. In 11040 pence, how many dollars? Ans. $153 26. 15. How many pounds in 91751 farthings? Ans. £95 11s. 5 d. TROY WEIGHT. 1. How many grains in 47b. 10oz. of gold? Ans. 275520. 2. In 47128 grains of gold, how many pounds? 3. In 5605 grains, how Ans. 8. 2oz. 3dwt. 16grs. many ounces ? Ans. 11oz. 13dwt 13grs. 4. How many grains in 18. 5oz. 9dwt. 21grs.? AVOIRDUPOIS Weight. Ans. 106317grs. 1. In 12cwt. 1gr. 18. how many ounces, at 25. to the qr. of a cwt.? Ans. 19888. 2. How many tons in 3440640 drams? Ans. 6 Tons. 3. In 2T. 15cwt. 2qrs. 17. how many pounds, at 25. to the puarter ? Ans. 5567. 4. How many pieces of 4tb. 5b. and 61. of each an equal number, in 62cwt. 2qrs. 24tb. of beef? Ans. 439 pieces of each. 5. In 3 tons of hay, how many pounds? Ans. 6720††. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 1. In 31. 23. 63. how many drams? CLOTH MEASure. Ans. 2998. Ans. 8. 93. 53. 1. How many quarters in 83yds. 3qrs.? Ans. 335. Ans. 158. Ans. 42. 4. How many yards of Holland in 58 pieces, each containing 36 ells Flemish? Ans. 1566. 5. In 748 ells French, how many ells English, ells Flemish, yards, quarters, and nails? Ans. 897 E. E. 3 qrs.-1496 E. Fl-1122 yds.-4488 grs.-17952 na. LONG MEASure. 1. In 70 miles, how many furlongs and poles? Ans. 560 fur. 22400 poles. Ans. 4. 2. How many leagues in 21120 yards? 3. How many barley corns in 360 degrees, each degree 691 miles? Ans. 4755901600. 4. How often will a wheel that is 15 feet in circumference, turn round in the distance from Hallowell to Farmington, it being 32 miles? Ans. 11264. LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE. 1. In 17 acres 3 roods 10 poles, how many poles ? Ans. 2850. 2. In 815443200 inches, how many acres? Ans. 130. 3. How many acres in 6654 rods or poles ? Ans. 41 Acres, 2 Roods, 14 Rods. 4. In 6 acres 1 rood, how many perches? Ans. 1000. 5. If a room be 16 feet long, and 14 feet wide, how many feet of boards will it take to lay the floor? Ans. 224 feet. 6. How many shingles will it take to cover the roof of a house 40 feet in length, and of 18 feet rafters, allowing each shingle to be 4 inches wide, and each course to be laid out 6 inches ? Ans. 8640. 7. How many boards will cover a barn that is 50 feet long, and 30 feet wide; the height of the gable ends 13 feet, and the rafters 20 feet each; and the posts, or body of the frame, 15 feet in height? Ans. 4790 feet: CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. 1. In 9 tons of round timber, how many inches? Ans. 622080. 2. Mow many cords of wood in 3096576 inches? Ans. 14. 3. In 259200 inches of hewn timber, how many tons? Ans. 3. 4. How many bricks, 8 inches long, 4 wide, and 2 thick, will build a house 44 feet long, 40 feet wide and 20 feet high, with walls 12 inches thick? Ans. 88560. |