EXPLANATIONS. T.cwt.qr. lb. oz. dr. 4 19 3 19 9 14 3 14 1 2211 11 1 5 1 24 14 3 Begin, as before, at the right hand, or lowest denomination, the drachms; substract the 11 from the 14, and set down the difference, which is 3. Proceeding to the ounces, you can not take 11 from 9, therefore, you must borrow sixteen and add to the 9, which will make it 25, because sixteen ounces are equal to one pound, the next higher denomination, and say, 11 from 25 leaves 14; set down the 14 under the 11, the column of ounces, and add, or carry, one to the column of pounds, for the sixteen which you borrowed and added to the 9 in the upper line. Thus, one, which you borrowed, added to the 22, in the column of pounds, makes 23, and 23 can not be taken from 19, therefore, you must borrow twenty-eight and add to the 19, which will make it 47, because twentyeight pounds are equal to one quarter, the next higher denomination, and say, 23 from 47 leaves 24; set down the 24 under the 22, the column of pounds, and add, or carry, one to the column of quarters, for the twenty-eight which you borrowed and added to the 19 in the upper line. Thus, one, which you borrowed, added to the 1, in the column of quarters, makes 2, and 2 from 3 leaves 1; set down the 1 under the 1, the column of quarters. Proceeding to the 14, in the column of hundred-weight, as there is nothing to be carried to that, you must say, 14 from 19 leaves 5; set down the 5 under the 14, in the column of hundred-weight. Proceeding to the 3, in the column of tuns, as there is nothing to be carried to that, you must say, 3 from 4 leaves 1; set down the 1 under the 3, in the column of tuns, and then the work is done.. fb z 39gr. 27101114 24 44113 3 550 Begin, as before, at the right hand denomination; substract the 13 from the 14, in the column of grains, and set down the difference, which is 1. Substract the 1 from the 1, in the column of scruples, and set down a cipher as there is no difference. Proceeding to the drachms, you can not take 4 from 1, therefore, you must borrow eight and add to the 1, which will make it 9, because eight drachms are equal to one ounce, the next higher denomination, and say, 4 from 9 leaves 5; set down the 5 under the 4, the column of drachms and add, or carry, one to the column of ounces, fol the eight which you borrowed and added to the 1 in the upper line. Thus, one, which you borrowed, added to the 4, in the column of ounces, makes 5, and 5 from 10 leaves 5; set down the 5 under the column of ounces. Proceeding to the 4 in the col umn of pounds, you must say, 4 from 7 leaves 3; set down the 3, and then the work is done. . TROY WEIGHT. 1. Substract 277b. 10oz. 17pwt. 18gr. from 11776. 9oz. 18pwt. 14gr. Ans. 89b. 11oz. Opwt. 20gr. EXPLANATIONS. lb. oz. pwt. gr. 117 9 18 14 27 10 17 18 89 11 0 20 Begin, as before, at the right hand denomination to substract. When the number in the lower line of grains is larger than the upper, borrow twenty-four and add to the number in the upper line, because twenty-four grains are equal to one pennyweight, the next higher denomination; substract the number in the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of penny-weights, for the twenty-four which you borrowed. When the num ber in the lower line of penny-weights is larger than the upper, borrow twenty, and add to the number in the upper line, because twenty penny-weights are equal to one ounce, the next higher denomination;' substract the number in the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of ounces for the twenty which you borrowed. When the number in the lower line of ounces is larger than the upper, borrow twelve, and add to the number in the upper line, because twelve ounces are equal to one pound, the next higher denomination; substract the num ber in the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of pounds, for the twelve which you borrowed. Substract the pounds as in Simple Substraction, because pound is the highest denomination in troy weight. (2.) lb. oz. pw.gr. (3.) - 16 11 14 11 DRY MEASURE. 1. A farmer had 90bu. 3p. 4qt. 1pt. of wheat, and sold 31bu. 2p. 6qt. 1pt. of it; how much had he left? Ans. 59bu. Op. 6qt. Opt. EXPLANATIONS. bu. p. qt. pt. 90 3 4 1 31 2 6 1 59 0 6 0 Begin, as before, at the right hand denomination to substract. When the lower line of pints is larger than the upper, borrow two and add to the upper line, because two pints are equal to one quart; substract the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of quarts. When the lower line of quarts is larger than the upper, borrow eight, and add to the upper line, because eight quarts are equal to one peck; substract the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of pecks. When the lower line of pecks is larger than the upper, borrow four and add to the upper line, because four pecks are equal to one bushel; substract the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of bushels. Substract the bushels as in Simple Substraction, because bushel is the highest denomination in dry measure, or in the measure of wheat, &c., as in the present example (2.) bu. p. qt.pt. 17 3 5 1 (3.) ch.bu. p. qt.pt. 28 24 3 7 1 13 28 2 3 1 WINE MEASURE. 1. A merchant had 11 T. 1p. 1hhd. 54gal. 3qt. Ipt. 1gi. of wine, and sold 9T. Ip. 55gal. 2qt. 1pt. 1gi of it; how much had he left? Ans. 2T. Op. Ohhd. 62gal. 1qt. Opt. Ogi.. EXPLANATIONS. T. p.hhd.gal.qt.pt.gi. 111 1- 54 31 1 91 0 55 21 1 20 0 62 100 Begin, as before, at the right hand denomination to substract. When the lower line of gills is larger than the upper, borrow four and add to the upper line, because four gills are equal to one pint; substract the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of pints. When the lower line of pints is larger than the upper, borrow two and add to the upper line, because two pints are equal to one quart; substract the lower line from the amount, and carry one to the column of quarts. When the lower line of quarts is larger than the upper, borrow four and add to the upper line, because four quarts are equal |