SUBTRACTION.

45. 1. How many books are left when 3 books are taken from 6 books?

2. How many horses are left when 3 horses are taken from 4 horses?

3. Henry drew 5 pictures, all but 2 of which were pictures of birds. How many pictures of birds did he make?

4. What is the difference between 4 cents and 2 cents?

5. What is the difference between 5 and 3?

4 and 2?

Between

6. What have you been doing with the numbers given above?

7. Take 3 from 4, and what number remains? Add this remainder to the smaller number, and tell how the sum compares with the larger number.

8. Take 3 from 5, and what number remains? Add this remainder to the smaller number, and tell how the sum compares with the larger number?

9. When one number is subtracted from another, how does the sum of the remainder and the smaller compare with the larger?

10. Why can we not express the difference between 6 apples and 5 cents?

46. The process of taking one number from another or of finding the difference between two numbers is called Subtraction.

47. The number from which another is to be subtracted is called the Minuend.

48. The number to be subtracted is called the Subtrahend.

49. The result obtained by subtracting is called the Remainder or Difference.

50. The Sign of Subtraction is a short horizontal line It is called minus. When it is placed between two numbers, it shows that the one after it is to be subtracted from the one before it.

Thus, 9 5 is read 9 minus 5, and means that 5 is to be subtracted from 9.

51. PRINCIPLES: 1. Only like numbers can be subtracted. 2. The sum of the subtrahend and the remainder is equal to the minuend.

DRILL EXERCISES.

52. Students should practice these exercises daily until they can tell the results instantly.

a.

15-7=?

9-6

8-4

11

8

10-3

2

53. 1. If I have 12 cents, and spend 5 cents for a pencil, how many cents will I have left ? 12-5= ?

2. A man earns $15 per week, but spends $10. How much has he left at the end of the week? 15- 10:

= ?

3. Our lesson contained 11 problems, of which I solved 11-3= ?

all but 3. How many did I solve?

4. A hen hatched 13 chicks, but 5 of them died. How many lived? 13-5=? 13-3=? 13-4=?

5. Henry found that his toy bank contained 14 cents, but 8 cents of the money belonged to his brother. How much belonged to Henry?

6. William and James together caught 15 fish. If William caught 7 of them, how many did James catch? 15-7 = ?

7. Mary is 13 years old, and her brother is 8. How much older is Mary than her brother? 13-8=?

8. Homer was away from home 2 weeks. He spent 5 days with his uncle, and the rest of the time with his grandfather. How many days was he with his grandfather?

9. I bought an orange for 3 cents, a banana for 2 cents, and candy for 5 cents. How much did I have left after paying for all, if I had 15 cents to begin with?

10. A boy earned during vacation $15. He spent $2 for books, $3 for clothing, and $5 for other things. How much had he left? 15-2-3-5=?

11. By an accident a boy had 2 fingers cut from his right hand, and 3 from his left hand. How many fingers has he left? 10-3-2=?

12. A gentleman who had 7 horses bought 6, and afterward sold at one time 4, and at another 3. How many had he left?

13. If a man earns $19 per week and spends $10, how much does he save?

14. James received 18 marbles at Christmas, of which 8 were glass and the rest clay. How many were clay ?

15. How much will I have left if I have 15 cents and spend 8 cents?

16. A girl had to knit 15 rows to finish her work. After she had knit 6 rows how many had she still to do?

17. A park had 19 elm trees in it, of which 9 were small and the rest large. How many were large?

18. Alice has 18 pins, and Ella has 7. than Ella has Alice?

How many more

19. A man earned $17 and spent 8. How many dollars had he left?

20. Harry had 14 cents given him by two boys. One gave him 6 cents. How much did the other give?

21. John earned $7, and his father gave him enough to make his money $16. How much did his father give him?

22. A newsboy bought papers for 9 cents, and sold them for 17 cents. How much did he gain?

23. If I have 13 cents and spend 6 cents for a ball and 3 cents for a pencil, how much will I have left?

24. There were 15 birds on a tree, and 4 of them flew away. How many remained on the tree?

25. James had 14 apples and ate 5 of them. How many had he left?

26. Charles is 17 years old, and his brother is 6 years younger. How old is his brother?

27. Joseph had 8 cents, and his father gave him 5 cents. He afterwards spent 7 cents. How much money had he

left?

28. Ada picked 13 quarts of cherries, and Emma 7 quarts. How many more quarts must Emma pick so that the amount she picked will equal what Ada picked?

29. A man had 16 horses and sold 9 of them. How many horses did he keep?

30. From a pile of wood containing 17 cords, a farmer sold at one time 5 cords, and at another time 6 cords. How many cords remained unsold?