has the best comprehended the union of the greatest power of the prince and the greatest liberty of the people, and he calls that a rare felicity*—

'No matter, he is the historian of a party, and the Roman people was not of the same party as Tacitus. They loved those empe

rors whom Tacitus makes so fearful. Men do not love monsters. The monstrosities of the empire proceeded from factions.

"There was no longer a Roman people in Rome, sire; it was a populace from all the parts of the universe, which applauded, with all its might, the most detestable emperor turned into a bad actor, provided they were paid for their shouts, with bread and the games.

And his style do, you think it without fault? After having read it, you are obliged to seek out the meaning. For myself, I like a clear writer. I think you and I should agree, M. Suard'

In this conversation, Bonaparte betrays an evident consciousness that his own moral character stood upon a level with that of Tiberius and the other profligate Roman emperors, a severer satire perhaps than any that has been directed against him by his enemies.

ART. XIV.—1. Taschenbuch für Reisende in den Harz.Pocket-book for Travellers to the Harz. By Frederic Gottschalk. Magdeburg, 1806, 12mo, pp. 486.

2. An Excursion to the Harz Mountains. 1818, 8vo, pp. 75. THE part of Germany, which forms the subject of these two works, is in many respects highly worthy of attention. The Harz mountains, or the Harz wood, is considered as the remains of the great Hercynian forest, which in the time of Cæsar, and according to his computation, was sixty days' journey long and nine wide; dimensions, which would make it almost co-extensive with Germany. The name Hercynian has commonly been supposed to have been formed from that of Harz, which is still retained by the forest and the mountains which it covers, and which signifies literally pitch. Some of the German antiquaries, however, give another ground for the denomination of Harz, as applied to this forest. The Harz mountains are particularly interesting to the geologist and the mineralogist, and have been called by

Rara temporum felicitas, ubi sentire quid velis et quid sentias dicere liceat.

Hausmanna compendium of the Alps.' The following passage, from the introduction of the work of Mr. Gottschalk, will sufficiently indicate to our scientific readers the importance of this tract of country, in reference to their peculiar studies.

The entire Harz is, as it were, a single mountain, rising almost without exception suddenly from the surrounding plain, and when seen at a distance appearing as one mass. On its ridge, which rises to a great height from the plain, and is in some places precipitous, are to be observed, for the most part, only small elevations and depressions, and the deep beds of torrents. Upon the north, however, a second higher and abrupt elevation ascends, full of rocks and their fragments. This second elevation consists wholly of granite, and terminates in a summit called the Brocken. It forms the nucleus, on which the other portions of the Harz were successively deposited. The second inass, surrounding the granite, is of far more recent origin, and consists of various materials, which, diverse as they are, may be reduced to one formation, of which grau wacke is the characteristic; and it is here that the mineral veins begin and principally exist. At the foot of the grau wacke formation are found, around the Harz, various strata, for the most part in horizontal direction and determinate succession, lying upon each other in a wave-like manner, and constituting a very extensive flöz formation of comparatively recent date. This formation extends itself in moderate elevations through Thuringia, a part of Hessia, Lower Saxony, and Westphalia.'

The general course of the Harz mountains is from east to west from 27° 50′ east longitude from the Ferro isles, to 29° 10′; and from 51° 35' north latitude to 51° 57'. They are principally in the kingdom of Hanover, and a source of considerable revenue to the state, if revenue it can be called, which is wholly expended in supporting those, who are employed in the mines. As these, however, are estimated with their families at near 100,000 souls, the proceeds of the mines, which support such a population, (the eleventh part of that of the whole kingdom of Hanover,) must be allowed to form no inconsiderable portion of the revenues of the state. We believe that the mines at Freyburg in Saxony do nothing more than support the population of the cities and villages in the mining districts, nor would they have continued to do that, but for the great economy in quicksilver, resulting from the application of the amalgamation process, which was introduced by Werner.

The lower Harz exceeds the upper by far in point of natural beauty and historical recollections. It contains prospects, landscapes, and natural curiosities of a highly interesting character. No part of northern Germany is so important in the history of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, as the lower Harz; and it is covered throughout with ruins from those periods. It was the residence of the German emperors from Henry I. to Henry IV. and their richest priories and bishoprics were founded, and their favourite castles erected here; and here to this day are preserved their monuments. No traveller through North Germany willingly omits an excursion to this district; and accounts of it are found in many of the books of travels. The very entertaining collection of letters of de la Luc, addressed to the late Queen of England, contains several on the subject of the Harz, written on occasion of two visits in that quarter. Nor is it only the travellers, the topographers, or men of science, who have described it, for we have seen a poem in seven cantos, written in hexameter verses, under the title of the Harz,' and devoted to the praises of this region.*

The second work at the head of the article contains an account of a rapid pedestrian excursion to the Harz, written in a hasty manner, apparently with no other object than the gratification of the friends of the travellers. As it has never been published, we shall devote the rest of this article to some copious extracts from it.

June 28, 1817, Saturday morning at 4 o'clock, we set out upon our expedition to the Harz. Though our first stage was posting, we were equipped as pedestrian travellers with thick shoes, old clothes and a scanty change of raiment in our knapsacks. We arrived at Nordheim, the first stage, at seven. Here we would fain have taken new horses to Herzberg, but the postmaster resolutely refused to give them to us, alleging that Herzberg was not a post station. Just as we were about to take up the march thither, we succeeded in bribing our Göttingen postboy to proceed with us, which he accordingly did, by the way of Catlenberg, where we crossed the little river Muhme to Herzberg. Just before entering this city the dusky woods, on the tops of the first circle of hills, seemed to announce the scenery, which was * Der Harz, ein Gedicht in sieben Gesängen von E. C. H. Danneberg, 1781.

to attend us on our journey, while a commencing rain served as a token of the weather, which is apt to be the lot of the Harz traveller. We entered Herzberg at one. There is a castle here, at present the residence of the upper-bailiff of this district, of which the original foundation was laid in 1029, by a Count Werner of Lutterberg, who was devoted to the chace, and who called a hunting-house, which he built on the scite of the present castle, Hirschberg or hart's berg. After various vicissitudes it came into the possession of Hanover in 1636. The Flötz mountains begin here and stretch upward to the Harz.

Here was to begin our pedestrian tour, though we were too degenerate to accomplish it in real style with our knapsacks on our backs. As we must have a guide to show us the way, we desired that he might be a stout one, who could carry our packs; and it was with no small dismay that I saw an elderly female brought forward by the landlord. for this purpose. She seemed, however, herself rejoiced at the opportunity of earning a little money, and our two knapsacks together were not near so heavy, as the burdens which the female peasantry in this part of the world are accustomed to carry on their backs in baskets. We acordingly set out and soon reached the Sieber vale, a most lovely spot, but with it began a drenching rain, which as we had / neither umbrellas nor coats, soon penetrated what clothes we had on. We regretted extremely the loss of the beautiful scenery of this valley, which is the subject of many engravings. Ten miles was the extent of our walk, through this heavy and drenching rain, and so miserable and abject was the appearance of every thing in the taverns, at the two villages Sieber and Königshof where we stopped, that I was glad to quit them for the road again. Königshof is King's court; why a name like this should be given to so poor a spot cannot probably be resolved, without going back to the history of the times when the Harz was the Favourite resort of emperors and princes. I proposed to our poor drenched guide to stop at one of these villages, that we might take another to Andreasberg, better able to support the fatigues of the way. But she rejected the offer, said that it was hard to earn money for the harest necessaries of life, and that she was glad of this chance. Sad as the weather was, it afforded at short intervals a beautiful appearance, that of broken masses of vapour, not sufficiently condensed to drop in rain, travelling along the sides of the mountains and casting a cloudy mantle around their breasts. Just before crossing the valley, beyond which Andreasberg rises, we were on a high mountain, from which we could command a view of seven or eight neighbouring hills, each clothed

in a different way with this misty robe. From one it shot up from the peak like smoke from a volcano about to burst; from another it rolled darkly down the side like a stream of lava. Here it was carried by the winds and dashed upon the mountain side, like foaming waves upon a shore. The view was both beautiful and sublime. I would have given any thing to have heard thunder and seen flashing lightning from beneath the thick clouds, which rested on the summits, for nothing but this was wanting to fill up the image of the mountains of old, whose tops were covered with clouds, and which were the abode of the gods. As the rain grew more and more severe, we instructed our guide to what tavern she must follow us, and determined to make what speed we could ourselves. We accordingly doubled our pace in what remained of the way. We entered Andreasberg with the drove of cattle returning to the city, whose bells were all in accord. There appeared to be three distinct notes. Every thing now bore the appearance of neighbouring mines. Furnaces were to be seen on the way. Dross was piled up on the sides of the streets, and every thing looked black and metallick. We reached at last the Rath's house, the council house, and were glad enough of shelter, though shelter and a fire were at first all we could get. A chamber to ourselves we could not have, and as our guide did not arrive till an hour afterwards, we had to set for that time in clothes in which there was not a dry thread. Our first care was to engage a guide for the Brocken the next day. He is so notorious for this expedition, that Brocken serves him as a Christian name, and we inquired for Brocken Meyer. It was another ill omen that this man, who has carried every traveller from Andreasberg the last fifteen years up the mountain, should be taken sick two days before we came, and be unable to instead of the fathers rise up every where the sons, and having with us. go But engaged young Brocken to carry us round the mines in the morning, and up the mountains in the afternoon, we retired. I cannot help mentioning that our poor guide for carrying ten miles on her back all our baggage through this heavy rain demanded half a thaler, about 37 cents.'

The following is an account of Andreasberg and the mines which it contains.

Andreasberg is one of the seven free mining or mountain cities, Bergstädte, as they are called, and enjoys as such exemption from the payment of all taxes. The first mine here discovered was in 1520, and as it was found to consist of two veins crossing each other, it was called by the miners, as is usual in that