Flight before flying

achievement aerial voyage aero Aerodrome aerodynamics aerofoil aeroplane flight aircraft airscrew airship Alberto Santos-Dumont aviation balloon ascent balloonists biplane bird flight Blanchard box-kite build Cayley's century Chanute Charles contra-rotating Crown Copyright Degen dirigible early experiments feet flappers Flyer flying machine flying-machine France French full-sized Garnerin Giffard glider glider design Hargrave Hargrave's Hawk heavier-than-air flight helicopter design helicopter model Henson hydrogen balloon illustration invention John Stringfellow jumpers kite Langley later launched Lebaudy lift London mainplane man-carrying man-powered monoplane Montgolfier Montgolfier brothers Montgolfiere motor multiplane Musee de l'Air never built October ornithopter ornithopter model Orville Otto Lilienthal parachute Paris Penaud Percy Pilcher Phillips Photo Pilatre de Rozier pilot powerplant produced propulsion published rotor Royal Aeronautical Society rubber-powered rudder Science Museum short glides Sir George Cayley stability steam engine steam-powered Stringfellow successful tailplane take-off tandem-wing tests tethered tower jump tractor propeller undercarriage Vinci Wilbur wing area Wright brothers