cloth or cloth, from Lat. mappa, napkin a handkerchief. In this sense used by Shakespeare, but now obsolete. neighbor, A.-S. neah, nigh, and gebur,

a husbandman: one who dwells near. nightingale, A.-S. nihtegale, from niht, night, and galan, to sing: a small bird that sings at night.

nostrum, Lat. nostrum, lit. "our own;" i.e., a special drug known only to the compounder of it: a quack medicine.

pictura (pingere, to paint): expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial.

piebald, for pie-balled, from pie, the party-colored bird, and ball: diversified in color.

pied, adj., from Fr. pie, the party-colored bird, the magpie: hence, variegated in color.

pork, Lat. porcus, hog, pig: the flesh of swine.

precious, Lat. pretium, price of great price or value.

foul, filthy.

optic, n., Gr. optikos, relating to vision: an organ of sight, an eye. In this sense, generally used in the plural. orchard, A.-S. ortgeard, an herb-yard: an enclosure of fruit-trees.

off in front: exact, accurate. premise, Lat. præ, before, and mittere, to send to set forth in advance. prescribe, Lat. præ, before, and scribere, to write: lit. to fore-write, and hence to lay down authoritatively.

pad, A.-S. pad, padh (connected with path): an easy-paced horse. paradise, Gr. paradisos, from Persian firdaus, a pleasure-garden. paradox, Gr. para, contrary to, and doxa, opinion: something apparently absurd, and yet true in fact. parson, Lat. persona (a person, that is, of the church): a clergyman. peasantry, Eng. peasant, Fr. paysan, from pays (Lat. pagus), the country: the body of country people among European nations.

Pegasus, Gr. Pegasos: a winged horse of the Muses.

penal, Lat. pœna, punishment: pertaining to or used for punishment. perennial, Lat. perennialis, from per, throughout, and annus, the year: everlasting.

pervert, Lat. per, thoroughly, and vertere, to turn to turn from its proper purpose.

(præ, before, and sumere, to take): full of presumption (presumption, lit. a taking in advance of warrant). pretext, Lat. præ, before, and texere, to weave an assumed motive. prevent, Lat. præ, before, and venire, to come to hinder, to obviate. prodigious, Lat. prodigium, a prodigy : of the nature of a prodigy, and used by Milton in the special sense of por

tentous.

profusion, the act of one who is profuse, and this from Lat. pro, forth, and

fundere, fusum, to pour. project, ., Lat. pro, forward, and jacere, to throw jutting. proper, Fr. propre, Lat. proprius, one's own belonging to as one's own. provoke, Lat. provocare (pro, forth, and vocare, to call), to call forth: used by Gray in its etymological

sense.

quagmire, O. Eng. quay, to quake or shake, and mire: soft, wet land.

=of whom (with reference to a body of persons of whom those who are assembled are legally sufficient to do the business of the whole). In England, applied to the justice-court. quoth, A.-S. quedhan, to speak. Used only in the 1st and 3d person past tense.

rankle, A.-S. ranc, proud, strong, rank:

to be inflamed, to fester. rather, A.-S. properly the comparative degree of rathe (radhe), soon, quick, and hence lit. sooner, and thence transferred from connection in time to connection in choice.

reck, A.-S. recan, to care for: to make

account of; to care for. recollect, re and collect (Lat. recolligere): to recover or recall the knowledge of.

recollections, things recalled. reduce, Lat. re, back, and ducere, to lead, to bring to restore, to arrange. refrain, Lat. re, back, and frenum, a bit hence, literally, to bridle, to hold in with a bit; to restrain, to forbear.

sanctus, sacred: a sacred place. sanguine, Lat. sanguis, blood. satisfy, Lat. satisfacere, from satis, enough, and facere, to make: to free from doubt, suspense, or uncertainty.

savage (0. Eng. salvage), Lat. silvaticus, belonging to a wood (from silva, a wood): lit. a forest man, and thence an uncivilized (civis, a city)

man.

scepter, Gr. skeptron, a staff: the baton of royalty.

secure, adj., Lat. se (sine), without, and cura, care: used by Milton in its literal sense, not in its modern meaning of safe.

selah, Heb. selah, from salah, to repose, to be silent.

sirloin, Fr. surlonge (sur, over, and longe, loin): a loin of beef.

smother, n., A.-S. smorian, to suffo

cate: a state of suppression. sooth, A.-S. sódh, truth: truth. sovran, an old form of sovereign: supreme in power.

specter, Lat. spectrum, an image, from specere, to see: an apparition.

repel, Lat. re, back, and pellere, to drive to drive back.

breathe a disembodied soul. sprite, contracted from spirit (Lat. spiritus, breath; spirare, to breathe). starve, from A.-S. steorfan, to die. Its modern meaning, to famish, is a special application. Milton uses it as equivalent to freeze.

(slightly), tela, a web: lit. woven fine, then thin, then keen. In this last sense used by Milton. Subtle is a contracted form of the same word, but has taken the meaning of sly, artful.

subtle. See subtile.

subtlety. See subtile.

subtly, in a subtle manner. See subtile.

tale, A.-S. telian or tellan, to tell: a reckoning by count, an enumeration.

talents, Lat. talentum, Gr. talanton, any thing weighed; a talent (denomination of money): mental endowments or capacity; a metaphorical use of the word, probably originating in the Scripture parable of the talents.

tapestry, Fr. tapisserie, from tapis, a carpet: a kind of woven hangings of wool and silk.

taunt, n., Lat. tentare, to test, to assail: scoff, mockery.

tempest, Lat. tempestas, a season, a storm (from tempus, time): a violent

storm.

testament, Lat. testamentum, from testis, a witness: an instrument in writing by which a person declares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects after his death.

a bondman.

tinge, Lat. tingere, to wet, moisten: to imbue or affect one thing with the qualities of another; to color.

tus, nourishment, from vivere, victum, to live food for human beings, prepared for eating. Now used only in the plural.

twilight, A.-S. twi, tuo, and Eng. light, lit. doubtful light: the faint light perceived before the rising and after the setting of the sun.

ubiquitous, Lat. ubique, everywhere: existing everywhere.

vine, originally applied to ornaments consisting of leaves and tendrils: an engraving not inclosed within a definite border.

villain, mediæval Lat. villanus, a farmservant, a serf. By a process of degradation the word early came to mean a scoundrel, a knave.

lence, from vir, a man: natural or moral excellence.

vista, It. vista, sight, view, from Lat. videre, to see a view, especially a distant view, through or between intervening objects.

vulgar, Lat. vulgus, the common people: used by Emerson in the sense of popular.

The word is used chiefly in burlesque. wit, A.-S. wit, knowledge. This word in the older English literature is used in various senses widely different from its modern signification. Thus, in Shakespeare, (1) intellectual power, (2) sharpness, ingenuity; in Milton, intellect; in Butler, subtlety; in Dryden, skill.

withal, A.-S. with and all: with.

weal, A.-S. wela, wealth: well-being, prosperity.

weeds, A.-S. waed, a garment. The word was in the seventeenth cen

tury not confined to a widow's

dress.

a conjurer.

ycleped (ï-klěpt), called, named: p.p. of A.-S. geclipian, to call; obsolete except in burlesque writing.

yore, A.-S. geo, formerly, and ær, ere, before.