TABLE I. Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States, 1895-1914.

CHART. Immigrant Aliens Admitted to the United States and Destined for Massachu

1 In this table the returns for the years 1906-1914 are not strictly comparable with those for the earlier years, because in 1905 and in prior years all aliens arriving at ports of the United States, with the exception of those merely in transit to other countries, were reported as "alien arrivals." During the years 1906-1914 there have been segregated from those arriving not only aliens in transit, but all aliens returning from visits abroad to resume previously established permanent domiciles in the United States, and all coming simply as visitors or tourists with the intention of returning to homes abroad. The totals for the years 1895 to 1905 are directly comparable with each other as they stand in the table.

Massachusetts has always been one of the leading States as the declared destination of immigrants, ranking third or fourth for over 20 years, and having been exceeded during that period only by New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. During the period 1895-1904 it was ceeded only by New York and Pennsylvania.

In recent years there has been a marked change in the sources of immigration. A large part of our immigration was formerly of Teutonic and Celtic origin, but for several years the bulk of immigration has come from the countries of Eastern and Southern Europe and Western Asia. The number of such origin admitted to the United States in 1914 is 915,007,1 or about 75 per cent of all immigrants admitted. Although Massachusetts has received a smaller proportion of this immigration than the country as a whole, nevertheless, approximately 56 per cent of the immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts during the year 1914 were from these countries.

The numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States and to Massachusetts, together with the percentages of the number admitted who were destined for this State during the year ending June 30, 1914, are presented, by races or peoples, in Table II. The Italians (south) ranked first with 21,865, or 8.7 per cent of the total number admitted to the United States. Second in rank were the Polish with 10,019, or 8.2 per cent of the total number admitted, followed in numerical order by the Hebrew, 7,751; Irish, 6,133; Portuguese, 6,052; Greek, 5,745; and English, 5,556. For several years the Portuguese have shown the largest percentage destined for Massachusetts of any of the races or peoples represented in the aggregate immigration to the United States, the percentage in 1914 having been 62.7, as compared with 66.4 in 1913. The percentages for the several races or peoples showing over 10 per cent destined for Massachusetts in 1914 were: Portuguese, 62.7; Armenian, 22.5; African (black), 21.2; Irish, 18.1; Finnish, 17.0; Lithuanian, 15.1; Syrian, 13.6; French, 13.0; Scotch, 12.9; Greek, 12.5; English, 10.7; and Russian, 10.6. The percentages for these several races varied but little in most cases from the corresponding percentages for 1913 except that noticeable decreases in the percentages of Syrians, Portuguese, and French were shown and a rather marked increase in the percentage of African (black).

1 This number was divided as follows: Italy, (including Sicily and Sardinia), 283,738; Russian Empire, 255,660; Hungary, 143,321; Austria, 134,831; Greece, 35,832; Turkey in Asia, 21,716; Portugal (including Cape Verde and Azore Islands), 10,898; Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro, 9,189; Turkey in Europe, 8,199; Spain (including Canary and Balearic Islands), 7,591; and Roumania, 4,032.

TABLE II. — Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Five-year Period, 1909-1913: By Races or Peoples.

The races or peoples specified in Table II are those only which ranked highest with respect to the numbers destined for Massachusetts. There are, however, many peoples who come in great numbers to the United States, very few or practically none of whom are destined for this State. Thus, in 1914, out of 44,538 Magyars admitted to the United States only 67 were destined for Massachusetts; of 37,284 Croatians and Slovenians, only 91; of 25,819 Slovaks, only 135; and of 24,070 Roumanians, only 61.

A comparison, by races or peoples, of the number of immigrants destined for Massachusetts in 1914 with the average annual numbers so destined during the five-year period, 1909-1913 (see Table II), shows that, in point of numbers, the Italians (south) and Polish ranked respectively first and second, both in 1914 and for the five-year period, while the Hebrews ranked third in 1914, rising from sixth place in rank for the five-year period. Nearly all of the races showed an increase during the fiscal year ending June 30, over the average annual number admitted the preceding five-year period. The percentage of increase was notably high in the following cases: Russian, 102.1; Ruthenian (Russniak), 101.2; African (black), 63.5; Hebrew, 55.5; Italian (north), 44.1; and

Italian (south), 43.5. The leading races or peoples which showed decreases were the Irish, English, Scotch, French and Scandinavian, but the percentage of decrease was large only in the case of the French (38.9).

TABLE III. — Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Five-year Period, 1909-1913: By Occupations.

Table III shows, by occupations, the numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, the numbers destined for Massachusetts, with the corresponding percentages for the year 1914, and averages for the five-year period 1909-1913. The number of immigrant aliens in professional occupations destined for Massachusetts in 1914 was 811, or 5.6 per cent of the 14,601 admitted to the United States. This proportion was the same as for the previous five-year period. Of those in professional occupations, teachers ranked first in point of numbers, but

1 A great many, doubtless the vast majority, of those recorded as "farm laborers" really come to this country to be ordinary unskilled laborers, with no intention of pursuing here the occupation previously followed abroad, but, naturally, they state on entry their former occupation. Report of the Commissioner-General, 1914, page 28.

the number of sculptors and artists showed a remarkable increase during the year as compared with the average number for the five-year period.

The total number of skilled workmen destined for Massachusetts was 11,992, or 6.9 per cent of the total number of skilled workpeople admitted to the United States. The occupations showing the largest numbers of skilled workpeople destined for Massachusetts were: Tailors, 1,887; carpenters and joiners, 1,122; shoemakers, 1,056; and clerks and accountants, 1,047. The number of weavers and spinners destined for Massachusetts showed a decrease in 1914, the number for the year being only 744, as compared with an average annual number of 1,117 for the previous five-year period.

There were 57,496 miscellaneous unskilled workpeople who were destined for Massachusetts in 1914, or 8.1 per cent of the 710,456 admitted to the United States. Of this number of unskilled workpeople 22,632 were farm laborers, 17,886 were classified as laborers, and 14,325 were servants. The increase in the number of farm laborers over the average annual number of farm laborers destined for Massachusetts during the previous five-year period was notably large.

The total number of immigrant aliens entering this State in 1914 having no occupation (including women and children) was 22,901, or 7.2 per cent of the 320,215 admitted to the United States, while the corresponding per cent for the five-year period was 7.7.

Table IV shows, by races or peoples, for each of the several years, 1910 to 1914, the numbers of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts with the corresponding totals for the five-year period.

TABLE IV. Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts, 1910-1914: By Races or