Present status.-In 1912 the school of technology was officially recognized as a college of university rank and included among the higher institutions in Great Britain which received grants from the board of education. The site, buildings, and equipment of the school of technology are now valued at £380,000. The annual cost of maintaining the school is approximately £50,000.

Since ascending to the university plane, the teaching and research work of the school of technology have been brought into closer relation with the industries of the district; and the demand for graduates exceeds the supply and is constantly growing.

Organization of courses.-The work of this municipal institution is organized in the interests of three classes of students: Those who wish to complete a full course of technical training, leading to the degree of bachelor of scientific technology; students who contemplate a more limited course of training; and graduate students either from the Manchester school or from universities. Students entering for the degree courses are required to pass the matriculation examination and a second test, the intermediate examination, which may be deferred until at least a year before entering for the diploma examination. Certificate courses are also provided for students, which do not require the same entrance examination as the degree courses.

Degree courses.-The division of the Manchester School of Technology which is comparable with the higher technical schools previously considered is comprised in the degree courses. Candidates

for admission to this division must pass the matriculation examination which covers the following subjects:

English language and literature, English history, mathematics, and three of the following subjects, one of which must be a language, Greek, Latin, French, German, some other language approved by the board, either mechanics or physics, chemistry, geography (physical, political, and commercial), either natural history (plants and animals) or botany.

Credit is also given for alternative papers of a higher standard which are taken according to specified conditions.

The degree courses extend over three years from matriculation, and lead to the degree of bachelor of technical science (B. Sc. Tech.).

The subjects of these courses are:

Mechanical engineering.

Electrical engineering.

Sanitary engineering.

Applied chemistry:

(a) General chemical technology.

(b) Chemistry of textiles (bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing).

(c) Paper manufacture.

(d) Metallurgy and assaying.

(e) Chemical technology of brewing.

(f) Electrochemistry

Textile industries.

Architecture.

Printing and photographic technology.

In the conduct of the degree courses, great importance is attached to the practical exercises. In the course of mechanical engineering, which is taken as typical, the relative proportion of time assigned to theoretical and practical instruction is shown in the following table and diagram:

Time assigned to theoretical and practical subjects.

These relations are presented in graphic form in the following diagram:

DIAGRAM 3.-Distribution of time between theoretical and practical instruction at Manchester
Technical School, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Special courses are also arranged for students who possess the necessary preliminary knowledge, but are unable to comply with the usual attendance regulations.

The following table gives particulars of the numbers of students attending university courses in the school of technology during the academic year 1913-14:

Students in university courses of the Manchester School of Technology.

In this table the students shown as being engaged upon research are for the most part graduates of Manchester University who intend to embody the results of their researches in theses which they will submit to the examiners for the higher degree of master of technical science (M. Sc. Tech.). Among the research students there are also some graduates of other universities who are required to carry out research work for two years in the school of technology before submitting a thesis for the M. Sc. Tech. degree. Persons who are not graduates of this or any other approved university who have conducted research work approved by the faculty of technology during a period of three years may also submit theses for the M. Sc. Tech. degree. Finally, some few of the research students are not intending to proceed to a degree in this university. Among these latter are included advanced students or teachers in other universities who are pursuing their researches for a time in the school of technology on account of the special facilities which it affords.

Certificate courses are also provided to meet the needs of students whose previous education is not sufficient to enable them to pass a matriculation examination, but who for many reasons are likely to profit by the privilege of attending a university course. With the improved provision for secondary education the need for certificate, alternative to degree courses, is rapidly disappearing so far as students proceeding direct from school to college are concerned. Steps have therefore been taken to restrict the certificate courses to students who have had at least one year's full-time industrial experience after leaving school. The certificate courses, with a single exception, are the same in respect to subject matter as the degree courses; they provide, however, special arrangements relating to students who may desire to proceed to a degree examination. The special courses are two years' certificate courses provided in architecture and photographic technology.

From the official announcements it appears that:

Schemes are in operation whereby the teaching in the school of technology is coordinated with the practical training in various industrial works, and these schemes apply not only to students who are employed in industry during the greater part of their time and attend part-time classes also at the school of technology, but also to 81797-17-4