6. How many tons of hay can be packed in a mow 20 x 20 x 6 ft. ? Ans. 6 tons.

7. How many tons of hay in a well settled stack 15 x 15 x 10 ft.?

Ans. 8 tons.

8. My coal bin is 9x7x6 ft. How many tons of Lehigh white ash coal will fill it? Ans. 10 tons.

9. I made a box to hold 1 T. of Schuylkill white ash coal, and occupy only a space 2×3 ft. on the floor. How high is the box? Ans. 5 ft. 10 in.

10. A teamster whose wagon-bed was 7 ft. long, 44 ft wide, and 12 in. high, claimed that when the bed was even full, it contained just 1 T. of pink ash coal. How much did it lack of holding that quantity? Ans. ton.

11. A farmer stored away 300 bu. of rye, 150 bu. wheat, 70 bu. barley, and 350 bu. shelled corn. What must have been the capacity of his bins? Ans. 1082 cu. ft. 12. How many bu. lime can I burn in a kiln 7 × 7× 14 ft.? Ans. 441 bu. 13. Having made a trench 15 ft. long, 4 ft. wide and 3 ft. deep, how much longer must I make it, so that it will hold 200 bu. of beets? Ans. 10 ft. longer.

14. How many cords of wood can be placed in a shed

25 ft. long, 24 ft. wide, and 16 ft. high?

15. How many bu. corn in the ear, in a

66

Ans. 75 cd.

crib" 20 x 5 ft.

on the bottom, 20 × 8 ft. on the top, and 9 ft. deep?

In some localities, 2 heaped bu. of corn "in the ear" are called 1 bu., which would make our Ans. 3764 bu. In other localities, however, 2 even bu. of "ears"=1 bu., which would make 470 bu. Ans.

16. If a freight car is 30 ft. long and 8 ft. wide, how deep must bulk wheat be, in order that the car may contain 24000 lb., the greatest weight allowed for a single car? Ans. 24.888 in.+.

17. How deep if the car is allowed to carry only 10 T. Ans. 20.74 in. +. 18. How deep if the grain is 12 T. rye, 56 lb. to the bu.? Ans. 26.66 in. +.

19. How many freight cars in a train that will carry 10000 bu. wheat, 60 lb. to the bu., each car carrying its maximum weight? Ans. 25 cars.

20. How many bu. shelled corn will a vessel carry, whose capacity is 130 tons?

Ans.

21. A farmer, “closing out " his hay, sold what he had in a mow 18 x 20 ft. and 20 ft. deep, at the rate of 12 × 20 ft. and 1 ft. deep for 1 ton. How many tons less than he received pay for did the farmer sell? Ans. 12 tons.

TIME.

258. To find Longitude from Time, and Time from Longitude.

The Meridian of any place is a north and south line passing through that place.

The Longitude of any place is its distance reckoned in degrees from some assumed meridian. Thus, if a place is 3° east of another it is said to have 3 degrees of longitude east from that other place. Pittsburgh is nearly 3° west of Washington and Washington is nearly 3° east of Pittsburgh. Longitude may be reckoned from any meridian, but it is customary to fix upon some one or more as standards.

The English reckon Longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, near London; the French from the meridian of Paris; the Russians from the meridian of St. Petersburgh, &c.

In the United States, longitude is reckoned either from the meridian of Washington, or from that of Greenwich.

The earth turns from west to east one revolution in 24 hr. This causes the Sun to appear to move from east to west around the earth in 24 hr. Hence, the Sun appears to pass the meridian of places on the earth in order from east to west at the rate of of 360°, that is, 15°, every hour; and every minute of time he appears to pass through of 15°, which is of 900', or 15'; and every second of time, he appears to pass through of 15', which is of 900", or 15". Hence we have the

EXAMPLE 1.-On arriving at Washington from Pittsburgh I find my watch 12 min. slow. Supposing my watch to keep accurate time, how do I account for the apparent discrepancy?

SOLUTION. Since all places east of Pittsburgh meet the Sun earlier than Pittsburgh at the rate of 1 hr. for every 15°, I conclude that Washington must be east of Pittsburgh, and since it meets the Sun 12 minutes earlier than Pittsburgh, it is 12 of 15°, or 3° east of Pittsburgh.

EXAMPLE 2. In coming from London, Eng., to Washington, D. C., I find that my "Frodsham" watch is 5 hr. 8 min. and 12.39 sec. faster than Washington time. What does this fact indicate?

SOLUTION.

hr, min.

sec.

5

8

12.39

15

EXPLANATION.-Since the longitude differs at the rate of 15° for each hr., 15' for each min., and 15" for each sec., by multiplying 5 hr. 8 min. 12.39 sec. by 15, we obtain the difference in longitude = 77° 3' 5.8". And since the watch was fast, we conclude that London is 77° 3' 5.8" east of Washington. Therefore, in finding the Longitude from Time, we use the following

ryngo 3' 5.8"

RULE.-Multiply the number of hours, minutes and seconds of time by 15, and regard the product as degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc.

EXAMPLE 3.- When it is 11 o'clock, A. M., in Washington, D. C., what time is it at London?

it is evident that a difference of 77° 3' 5.8" of long. must equal of as many hr., min., and sec. of time, or 5 hr. 8 min. 12.39 sec. And since Washington is west of London, it will meet the Sun 5 hr. 8 min. 12.39 sec. later than London does. Therefore, when it is 11 o'clock, A. M., in Washington, it is 11 o'clock, A. M., + 5 hr. 8 min. 12.39 sec., or 4 hr. 8 min. 12.39 sec. P. M. in London.

Hence, for finding the Time from the Longitude, we have this

RULE.-Divide the degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc by 15, calling the quotients respectively hours, minutes, and seconds of time.

PROBLEMS.

1. Cincinnati time is 29 min. 46.94 sec. slower than that of Washington. What is the longitude of Cincinnati ?

Ans. 7° 26' 44.1", W.

2. Washington time is 5 hr. 17 min. 33 sec. slower than Paris time. How many degrees is Washington west of Paris? Ans. 79° 23' 15".

3. How far is Cincinnati west of Paris? Ans.

4. When it is noon at Boston, it is 11 o'clock, 36 min. 1.6 sec. A. M. at Washington. What is the longitude of Bosion ? Ans. 5° 59' 36" E. from Wash.

5. When it is noon at Philadelphia, it is 11 o'c. 52 min. 26.36 sec. A. M. at Washington. What is the longitude of Philadelphia ? Ans. 1° 53' 24.6" E. from Wash.

6. When it is noon at Washington, it is 12 o'c. 25 min. 30 sec. P. M. at Santiago, Chili. What is the longitude of Santiago? Ans. 6° 22' 30" E. from Wash.

7. When it is noon at New Orleans, it is 6 hr. 10 sec. at Greenwich. What is the longitude of New Orleans?

Ans. 90° 2' 30" W. from Greenwich.

8. When it is noon at Greenwich, it is 12 o'c. 50 min. 18.66 sec. P. M. at Copenhagen. What is the longitude of Copenhagen ? Ans. 12° 34' 40" E. from Greenwich.

9. If, when it is 10 o'c. A. M. at Washington, it is 3 o'c. 58 min. 8.8 sec. P. M. at Rome, what is the difference of longitude between Washington and Rome? Ans. 89° 32′ 12".

NOTE. In subtracting to find the difference of time, we may take 10 hr. from (12 hr. + 3 hr. 58 min. 8.8 sec. =) 15 hr. 58 min. 8.8 sec., because it is 3 hr. 58 min. 8.8 sec. more than 12 o'c. at Rome.

10. Cincinnati is 7° 26' 44.1" W. from Washington. How much is Cincinnati time behind Washington time?

11. The beginning of an eclipse of the moon occurred in Washington Mar. 10, 1876, at 13 min. 6 sec. after 12 A. M. In what longitude was the observer who saw the beginning of the same eclipse at 36 min. 5 sec. after 12 A. M.?

Ans. 5° 44' 45" E. from Wash.