ARITHMETIC

ORAL AND WRITTEN

FOR SUPPLEMENTARY OR INDEPENDENT USE
IN HIGHER GRADES, NORMAL SCHOOLS,
AND GENERAL REVIEW CLASSES

BY

GORDON A. SOUTHWORTH

SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, SOMERVILLE, MASS.
FOR FIFTEEN YEARS

AND

JOHN C. STONE, A.M.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL,
MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, CO-AUTHOR OF THE SOUTHWORTH-STONE
ARITHMETICS, STONE-MILLIS SECONDARY ARITHMETIC,

PREFACE

THIS Book of Exercises in Arithmetic is written to supply a demand for just such a book in the higher grades, in normal schools, and in general review courses.

A general course in arithmetic should not attempt to meet the needs of a particular vocation, but should aim rather to develop:

(a) Accuracy and some speed in the fundamental processes; (b) Skill in simple mental calculations;

(c) A mastery of common fractions and power to use fractional relations;

(d) Absolute accuracy in the use of the decimal point;

(e) Facility in the use of the common tables of weights and

measures;

(f) A knowledge of common business forms and methods; and

(g) The power to reason correctly in the face of rather complicated data.

All this should be done through drills and the applications of arithmetic to present-day usages and customs in the commercial and industrial world-percentage and simple measurements. Hence, no attempts are made to teach statistical industrial facts nor to give general encyclopedic information.

Part I consists of abstract drills, many of them in script for sight work to save time in copying. These are designed for daily use. (See Suggestions to Teachers.)

Part II is free from puzzles and obsolete matter. The problems are true to present-day commercial and industrial life,

and are designed to perform two functions; viz. to teach the practical use of number and to develop arithmetical power. In general, the problems are so selected that they offer a choice of several solutions, thus developing the power to judge and to choose.

Part III is taken from recent examinations in many of our best schools, thus showing the trend of instruction and requirements. They may be used for tests or general classroom work.

The thanks of the authors are due to superintendents and others who have kindly furnished copies of test problems.

APRIL, 1910.

G. A. S.

J. C. S.