Treatise on ThermodynamicsLongmans, Green, and Company, 1903 - 272 σελίδες |
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absolute according assume body c₂ calculated carbon carbon dioxide characteristic equation concentration condition of equilibrium considered constant pressure constant temperature deduced definite denote density depends determined differential dilute solution dissociation entropy essure expression external conditions freezing function gaseous given gives h₂ H₂O heat absorbed heat effect heat of vaporization heat-reservoir Hence homogeneous hydrogen increase independent constituents internal energy ions irreversible isopiestic isothermal isothermal processes kinds of molecules liquid log c₁ M₁ M₂ measured mixture molecular weight n₁ n₂ number of molecules P₁ perfect gases phase phase rule proposition pure solvent ratio relation represented reservoir reversible process salt saturated second law semipermeable membrane solid solvent specific heat specific volume stable equilibrium surface temperature and pressure thermodynamical tion total number ture U₁ unit mass v₁ v₂ vapour pressure variables water vapour zero Φι ди др
Δημοφιλή αποσπάσματα
Σελίδα 21 - Equal volumes of all substances, in the gaseous state and at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules.
Σελίδα 8 - The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
Σελίδα 16 - Dalton's law. — The pressure of a mixture of several gases in a given space is equal to the sum of the partial pressures which each gas would exert if it were confined alone in the space.
Σελίδα 67 - The real meaning of the second law has frequently been looked for in a "dissipation of energy." This view, proceeding, as it does, from the irreversible phenomena of conduction and radiation of heat, presents only one side of the question.
Σελίδα 21 - ... proportions. 228. The Law of Definite Proportions. — When the composition of a sample of pure water, common salt, lime, or any other substance, is once accurately determined, the knowledge applies to all these substances — their elements enter into them in constant and invariable proportions. Pure water consists of 1 part by weight of hydrogen, and 8 parts by weight of oxygen ; common salt of 35.5 parts of chlorine to 23 of sodium.
Σελίδα 41 - ... Heats in a Perfect Gas. From the above result it follows that if either of the two specific heats is constant the other must also be constant. To be constant the specific heat has to be independent both of the pressure and of the temperature. First as to independence of pressure: we have seen (Art.
Σελίδα 53 - There is but one way of clearly showing the significance of the second law, and that is to base it on facts by formulating propositions which may be proved or disproved by experiment The following proposition is of this character : It is in no way possible to completely reverse any process in which heat has been produced by friction.
Σελίδα 124 - The entropy of the system is the sum of the entropies of the phases, that is, S = S...
Σελίδα 124 - H2 and not on their nature, eg molecular weight of the diffusing gases. The increase of the entropy does not depend on whether the gases are chemically alike or not. By making the two gases the same there is evidently no increase of the entropy since no change of the state ensues. It follows that the chemical difference of two gases or in general two substances cannot be represented by a continuous variable.
Σελίδα 67 - ... Professor Planck's excellent treatise, before referred to, on p. 101 there occurs the following remarkable statement that is in direct conflict with the above view, if we may interpret the words as they read. In speaking of diffusion in perfect gases and further dilution of dilute solutions, he says: "Such processes are accompanied by no perceptible transference of heat, nor by external work, nor by any noticeable transformation of energy. They occur only for the reason that they lead to an appreciable...