CARPENTERS AND JOINERS' WORK.

CARPENTERS and joiners' work is that of flooring, partitioning, roofing, &c., and is measured by the square of 100 feet.

1. If a floor be 57.25 feet long, and 28.5 feet broad, how many squares will it contain? Thus, 57.25 X 28.5=1631.625 square feet, 16 squares, 31 feet, 7 inches, 6". Ans.

2. A partition is 91.75 feet long, and 11.25 feet broad; how many squares does it contain? Ans. 10 squares, 32 feet. 3. A partition is 96.75 feet long, 11.5 feet broad; how many squares will it contain? Ans. 11.12625 squares.

4. What is the expense of flooring a building 45.5 feet long. 26.75 wide, 2 stories high, at D1.36 per square? Ans. D49.65.87. 5. If a floor be 60 feet long, 28.75 broad, how many squares will it contain? Ans. 17.25 squares. 6. In a floor 46 by 24 feet, required the expense of flooring at 15 cents per square foot, and cost of boards at D7.50 per M. Ans. Cost of flooring, D16.56; cost of boards D8.28.

SLATERS AND TILERS' WORK.

In these works, the content of a roof is found by multiplying the length of a side by the girth from eave to eave; and in slating, allowance must be made for the double row at the bottom. In taking the girth, the line is made to ply over the lowest row of slates, and returned up the under side till it meet with the wall or eaves-board; but in tiling, the line is stretched down only to the lowest part, without returning it up again. Double measure is generally allowed for hips, valleys, gutters, &c., but no deductions are made for chimneys. In all works of this kind, the content is computed either in yards of 9 square feet, or in squares of 100 feet, and the same allowance of hips and valleys is to be made as in roofing.

1. The length of a slated roof is 45.75 feet, and its girth 34.25 feet; required the content. Thus: 45.75 × 34.25= 1566.9375 square feet 174.104 yards. Ans.

2. The length of a slated roof is 48.5 feet, and its girth 36.25 feet; required the content. Ans. 1758.125 square feet. 3. What will the tiling of a barn cost at D3.40 per square, he length being 43 feet 10 inches, and the breadth 27 feet 5 'nches on the fiat, the eave-board projecting 16 inches on each

3

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side, allowing the roof to be a true pitch? Thus, 27 feet 5 inches=275-329, and 329 +(339÷2)=329+1645-493.5 = true pitch. 16x2=32 inches, feet, to be added for projection; then, 493.5+32=525.5=girt of roof; again, 43 feet 10 inches 43 feet-263, and 525.5 x 263-138296.5 feet1382.065 squares of roofing; hence 1382.065 x D3.40-469902.1 cents D65.26.4m., cost of roofing. Ans.

72

72

=

72

PLASTERERS' WORK.

PLASTERERS' work is of two kinds, namely, plastering upon laths, called ceiling; and plastering walls, called rendering; and these different kinds must be measured separately, and their content collected into one sum. Their work is measured by the square foot, or yard of 9 square feet, and moulding by running measure.

1. If a ceiling be 59.75 feet long, and 24.5 feet broad, how many yards does it contain? Thus: 59.75 x 24.5-1463.875 square feet 162.6528 square yards. Ans.

2. If the partitions between rooms are 141.5 feet about, and 11.25 feet high, how many yards do they contain?

Ans. 176.87.

3. If a ceiling be 64.75 feet long, and 24.5 broad, how many square yards does it contain?

Ans. 176.2638.

PAINTERS AND GLAZERS' WORK.

PAINTERS' work is measured in the same manner as that of carpenters; and in taking the dimensions, the line must be forced into all the mouldings and corners. The work is estimated by the yard, except sashes, which are calculated per light. Glazers' work is calculated by the light. All work of this kind is done by the square yard of 9 feet.

1. If a room be painted, whose height is 16.5 feet, and its compass 97.75 feet, how many yards does it contain?

Thus: 97.75 x 16.5=1612.875 square feet-179.208 square yards. Ans.

2. The height of a room is 14 feet 10 inches, and the circumference 21 feet 8 inches; how many square yards does it contain? Thus:

14-10

Then, 321.3888 feet 35.71 square yards +. Ans.

PAVERS' WORK.

PAVERS' work is done by the square yard. The content is found by multiplying the length by the breadth.

1. How many square yards in a rectangular (right-angled) court-yard, the length being 27 feet 10 inches, and breadth 14 feet 9 inches? Ans. 410 ft. 6 in. 6 pa. 45 yds. 7 ft. 4 in. 8-8.

2. A rectangular court-yard is 64.75 feet long, and 45.5 in breadth; what is the expense of paving at 45 cents per square Ans. D147.30. yard?

The dimensions of the walls of a brick building being given, to find how many bricks are required to build it.

RULE.

From the whole circumference of the wall measured round on the outside, subtract 4 times its thickness; then multiply the remainder by the height, and that product by the thickness of the wall, will give the solid content of the whole wall, which multiplied by the number of bricks contained in a solid foot, will give the answer.

1. How many bricks 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, 2.5 inches thick, will it require to build a house 44 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 20 feet in height, the wall to be 1 foot in thickness; thus, 8x4x2.5=80 solid inches brick, 1728÷80-21.6 bricks in a solid foot: 44+40+44+40=168 feet length of wall; 1684=164 X20X21.6-70848.0 bricks. Ans.

2. In a room of 4 walls, 2 of them measure 12.5 feet in length and 7.5 in height, and the other two sides are 14.5 feet in length,

by 7.5 feet in height; required the number of square yards; and what the plastering will amount to at 12c. per yard. Thus: 12.5×7.5×2=187.5 feet; 14.5×7.5×2=217.5 feet; 217.5+ 187.5=405.0÷9=45 yds. × 12=D5.40. Ans.

3. How many square yards in a garden of 96 by 50 feet?

Ans. 533 yards.

To calculate the number of shingles for a roof.

RULE.

1. Reduce the length and breadth of the space to be roofed to inches separately.

2. Divide the breadth by the average width of the shingles, and the quotient will be the number of shingles in one course.

3. Divide the length by the number of inches you intend laying the shingles or courses of the weather, and the quotient will be the number of courses.

4. Multiply the number of courses by the number of shingles in one course, and you will have the number of shingles re quired

1. Required the number of shingles for a roof 16 feet in width and 18 feet in length, the shingles to average 5 inches each in width, and the course to run 8 inches to the weather. Thus: 16x12=192÷5=38.4; 18x12=216÷8=27x 38.4 1036.8 shingies. Ans.

MENSURATION, &c.

To measure wood, &c.

RULE.

MULTIPLY the width by the height, that product by the length, and divide by 128, and the quotient is the answer in cords.

1. Required the content, in cords, of a pile of wood 16 feet in length 5.5 feet in width, and 4.5 feet in height. 4.5x5.5X 16 396.00 128-3 cords. Ans.

2. How many cubical feet in a piece of scantling 40 feet in length, 1.5 feet in width, and .5 feet in depth? 1.5x.5x40= 30.00 feet. Ans.

3. In a tier of wood 25 feet in length, 18.5 feet in width, and 7.5 feet in height, how many cords? Ans. 27 cords, 12 feet.

4. Required the cost of a load of wood 9 feet in length, 4.5 feet in height, and 4 feet 3 inches in width, at D5.50 per cord? Thus 4.50 4.25 × 9=172.125; then 128: 5.50 :: 172.125: D7.39.6. Ans.

5. How many solid feet of timber in a stick 8 feet long, 10 inches thick, and 6 inches in width ? Ans. 3 In 10 feet long, 12 inches thick, and 1 foot 3 inches wide? Ans. 12.

6. In a pile of wood 10 feet wide, 3 feet 3 inches high, and . 1 mile long, how many cord feet, and how many cords? 10725 cord feet 13405 cords.

7. How many cubical feet in a pile of rails 70 feet long, cut 124 feet and 14 feet high; and how many cords of wood would they make?

To find the area of a square having equal sides.

RULE.

Multiply the side of the square into itself, and the product will be the area, or content.

1. In a garden 120 feet square, how many square yards?

Ans. 1600.

To measure a rectangle parallelogram, or long square.

A rectangle is a four-sided figure like a square, in which the sides are perpendicular to each other (right-angled), but the adjacent sides are longer and parallel.

RULE.

Multiply the length by the breadth, and the product will be the answer.

1. A garden is 76 feet in length, and 42 feet in width; how many square feet of ground are contained in it?

Ans. 76X42=3192 feet.

2. What is the content of a field 40 rods square ?

Ans. 10 acres.

3. What is the content of a field 25 chains long by 20 chains broad? Ans. 50 acres. 4. Required the content of a field 75 chains long and 75 chains broad?