Science, 7 volumes. All these works rank very high in that depart

ment.

Chambers, William and Robert (William born at Peebles, in 1800; Robert, in 1802), authors, editors, and publishers, and the pioneers of cheap literature. It may safely be said that no other house in England or America has done so much to diffuse among the people so many works at once entertaining, instructive, and elevating; such as their Journal, begun in 1832, and now amounting to about 40 volumes; their Educa tional Course, 70 volumes; Information for the People, 2 volumes; Cyclopædia of English Literature, 2 volumes; Papers for the People, 12 volumes; Miscellany of Useful and Entertaining Tracts, 20 volumes; Encyclopædia, to consist of about 12 volumes, 8 volumes being out at the close of 1865. Their last finished work is The Book of Days, 2 volumes royal 8vo, edited by Robert Chambers; containing a vast amount of curious and valuable information. William Chambers has written the Gazetteer of Scotland; the Book of Scotland; Things as they are in America; Slavery and Color in America; and pamphlets on Improved Dwellings, and Co-Operation among the Working Classes, &c. &c. Robert Chambers has written Traditions of Edinburgh, 2 volumes; Popular Rhymes of Scotland, 1 volume; Pictures of Scotland, 2 volumes, &c.; edited Biography of Distinguished Scotsmen ; and projected the celebrated Edinburgh Journal, &c. &c.

Clare, John (born 1793), the peasant-poet of Northamptonshire. Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, 1820; The Village Minstrel, and other Poems, 1821.

Clarke, Mary Cowden (born 1809), daughter of the eminent musician Vincent Novello; married in 1828 to Mr. Charles Cowden Clarke, author of The Riches of Chaucer, and Tales in Prose from Chaucer. Mrs. Clarke deserves and has insured perpetual remembrance from her Complete Con cordance of Shakspeare,—a work of great labor, and as remarkable for its accuracy as its fulness. She has also written The Iron Cousin, a novel; The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines; World-Noted Women; and Many Happy Returns of the Day, a birthday book.

Clough, Arthur Hugh (1819-1861), an accomplished scholar and pleasing poet; Professor of the English Language and Literature at University College, London. Poems, 1849;2 a translation of Plutarch's Lives, 1859. At the time of his death he had begun a poetical translation of Homer.3

Colenso, Rev. John William, D.D., Bishop of Natal, born in 1814. First known for his excellent educational works in mathematics,—Algebra, 1848; Plane Trigonometry, 1851,-but subsequently for his denial of the historical truth of the Pentateuch, in his work (1863-64) entitled The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined. This work gave rise to much controversy, and answers without number immediately appeared. The work was condemned in a convention of bishops at Canterbury in 1864.4

Collier, John Payne (born 1789), London, originally a law student and journalist; reporter for the Morning Chronicle and the Times. But he soon became more known as a Shakspearian critic and commentator.

1 Both these works are the result of a visit two invaluable literary qualities,-a true sense to the United States in 1853. of his object of study, and a single-hearted care for it."-MATTHEW ARNOLD.

2 A beautiful edition of his Poems has been published by Ticknor & Fields, with an appreciative Memoir by Charles Eliot Norton.

3 "He possessed in an eminent degree these

4 In the London Reader, February 7 and 21, 1863, may be found articles on the contro

versy.

The Poetical Decameron, 1820; a new edition of Dodsley's Old Plays, 1827; History of English Dramatic Poetry, 3 volumes, 1831; New Facts regarding the Life and Works of Shakspeare, 1837; a new edition of Shakspeare, 1844; Notes and Emendations to the Text of Shakspeare's Plays, 1852. As to the merits of this last work, the critics are divided. His latest work is A Bibliographical and Critical Account of the Rarest Books in the English Language, 1866, 4 volumes,—a work of great research and value. Collier, William Francis (born 18-), author of School History of the British Empire; The Great Events of History; and A History of English Literature, in a Series of Biographical Sketches. The last, especially, is a valuable manual.

Collins, Wilkie (born 1825, in London), biographer and novelist. A Biography of his father, William Collins, a celebrated painter. Antonina, or the Fall of Rome, his first novel, was very popular. His other works are— Rambles beyond Railways; Basil; Mr. Wray's Cash-Box; Hide and Seek; After Dark; The Dead Secret; The Frozen Deep, and The Light-House, two dramas. His last and best works are-The Woman in White, 1860, contributed to All the Year Round; No Name, 1862; and Armadale, 1866, contributed to the Cornhill Magazine. These have since been published in volumes.

Conington, John (born 1825), Professor of Latin in Oxford.

Works of

Virgil, with an English Commentary, 1858; Odes of Horace, translated into
English Verse, 1863.

Conybeare, Rev. W. J., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social. Also, in conjunction with Rev. J. S. Howson, Liverpool, published The Life and Epistles of St. Paul, in 1852, in two volumes quarto, illustrated by numerous maps, plans, &c.: a work of very great research and value.

Cooke, George Wingrove (1814-1860). History of Party, 3 volumes, 1832;-"a book for which there is no substitute in the library of English history and politics." Inside Sebastopol, 1856; Conquest and Colonization in Northern Africa, 1860.

Cooper, Thomas (born 1805), "the Chartist." He lectured at the Potteries during the riots of 1842, and was confined two years in Stafford jail. While there, he wrote his epic poem in the Spenserian stanza, The Purgatory of Suicides, which contains passages of great power. His other works are-Wise Saws and Modern Instances, 1845; Baron's Yule Feast, a Christmas rhyme, 1846; Triumphs of Perseverance, and Triumphs of Enterprise, 1861.

Craig, Miss Isa (born 1830), won the prize poem for her Ode recited at the Burns Centenary Festival, 1859, against six hundred and twenty competitors.

Craik, George Lillie, LL.D. (1798-1866), late Professor of History and English Literature in Queen's College, Belfast, wrote many valuable works; such as The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties; Spenser and his Poetry; Bacon, his Writings and his Philosophy; "The English of Shakspeare; and the Romance of the Peerage. He also contributed largely to the Penny Cyclopedia; and, as editor of the Pictorial History of England, wrote some of its most valuable chapters. He also wrote an admirable History of the English Language and Literature, in two large octavos; and an abridgment of the same, called A Manual, in 1 volume duodecimo.

1 "Taken as a story only, No Name is a wonderfully able one."-Reader, January 2, 1863.

Crowe, Catharine Stevens1 (born 1803), a novelist. Aristodemus, a tragedy, 1838; The Adventures of Susan Hopley, 1841,-a novel of English life, and quite successful; Men and Women, or Manorial Rights, 1843; The Story of Lilly Dawson, 1847; The Night Side of Nature, or Ghosts and Ghost-Seers, 1848; Light and Darkness, or Mysteries of Life, 1850; Th Adventures of a Beauty, 3 volumes, 1852; Linny Lockwood, 2 volumes, 1854. In her Men and Women she thus writes of

THE SEXES.

If, as we believe, under no system of training, the telat of woman would be found as strong as that of mar, she is compensated by her intuitions being stronger: if her reason be less majestic, her insight is clearer; where man reasons, she sees. Nature, in short, gave her all that was needful to enable her to fill a noble part in the world's history, if man would but let her play it out, and not treat her like a full-grown baby, to be flattered and spoiled on the one hand, and coerced and restricted on the other, vibrating between royal rule and slavish serfdom. Cumming, Rev. John, D.D. (born in Scotland, 1810), is a celebrated preacher in Drury Lane, London, but known the world over for his controversial writings upon Prophecy and "The Second Advent." His chief works are- -Apocalyptic Sketches; Voices of the Night; Voices of the Day; Lectures on Revelation; The Great Tribulation, on the coming of Christ; The Destiny of Nations, &c. He has written and published no less than ninety different treatises upon these and kindred subjects. Demaus, Robert, author of a Class-Book of English Prose, 1859; Introduction to the History of English Literature, 1860; Poets and Prose- Writers of Great Britain, 1860.

Disraeli, Benjamin (born in London, 1805), son of Isaac Disraeli. Io 1826 he published Vivian Grey, his first novel; this was followed by The Young Duke, Henrietta Temple, Contarini Fleming, Coningsby, Sibyl, Tancred, &c. He has been frequently in Parliament, was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Derby, 1852, and again in 1866. He has recently published revised and annotated editions of his father's works. Dixon, William Hepworth (born 1821), is known and honored as a philanthropist as well as an author. His chief works are-Literature of the Lower Orders; London Prisons; John Howard and the Prison- World of Europe. In 1851, in his Life of William Penn, he replied to the charges brought against that eminent and good man by Lord Macaulay, and showed conclusively some of his lordship's mistakes. In 1852 appeared his Life of Blake. In 1853 he was appointed editor of the Athe næum. In 1860 he published The Life of Lord Bacon, vindicating the great philosopher triumphantly against the charges of Lord Campbell, and against the stinging epithet of Pope,-"the meanest of mankind." For this we owe him a great debt of gratitude. In 1866 appeared his two valuable volumes on The Holy Land.

Dobell, Sydney (born 1824), under the nom de plume of Sydney Yendys, has written some very creditable poetry. The Roman, a dramatic poem, 1850, is considered his best work. In 1854 appeared Balder, a Poem, Part the First; in 1855, Sonnets on the War, written in conjunction with Alexander Smith; and in 1856, England in Time of War.

1 Her maiden name was Catharine Stevens, and in 1822 she was married to LieutenantColonel Crowe.

2 See Supplementary List in the Fifth Decade.

3 For instance, he showed clearly that the "Taunton pardon-broker" was not William Penn, as Macaulay has it, but one George Penne.

Donaldson, John William, D.D. (1810-1861), for many years headmaster of the grammar-school of Bury St. Edmund's, and distinguished for his great classical learning. His first work was The Theatre of the Greeks. In 1839 appeared The New Cratylus,-a work of great erudition on philology. But he will be most known and valued by scholars for his continuation of Muller's History of the Literature of the Greeks, after the author's death, in 3 volumes,- -a most valuable contribution to classical literature.

Doran, Dr. John, F.S.A. (born in Ireland, 1807), is one of the editors of the Athenæum. Annals of the English Stage, 2 volumes; Table Traits, 1 volume; Queens of England, 2 volumes; Habits and Men, 1 volume; Knights and their Days, 1 volume; Monarchs Retired from Business, 2 volumes. He is also an extensive contributor to the leading Reviews. Dyce, Rev. Alexander (born in Edinburgh, 1798), an Episcopal clergyman; more known as editor of works of early English Literature:-of Peele, 2 volumes; of Greene, 2 volumes; of Webster, 4 volumes; of Middleton, 5 volumes; of Beaumont and Fletcher, 11 volumes; of Malone, 3 volumes. Also, Notes on Shakspeare; Specimens of British Sonnets; and an edition of Shakspeare, 6 volumes.

Ellis, Mrs. Sarah, whose maiden name was Sarah Stickney, was born about 1812. In 1837 she was married to Rev. William Ellis, a missionary to the South Sea Islands. Her chief works are-The Women of England, The Daughters of England, The Mothers of England, Social Distinction, and Family Secrets, &c.

Ellis, Rev. William, born in the latter part of the last century, was sent by the London Missionary Society to Madagascar and the South Sea Islands. History of Madagascar, 1838; History of the London Missionary Society, 1844; Three Visits to Madagascar, 1858. Elphinstone, Hon. Mountstuart (1778-1861). dom of Caubul, &c., 1815; History of India, 1841. "the Tacitus of Indian historians."

Account of the King-
He has been called

Evans, Miss Mary A. (born 1820), a lady who, under the name of George Eliot, has written some very popular novels:-Adam Bede, 1858; The Mill on the Floss, 1859; Silas Marner, the Weaver of Raveloe, 1861; Scenes in Clerical Life, 1861; Romola, 1864; Felix Holt, the Radical, 1866. She was at one time joint editor of the Westminster Review.

Faber, Rev. Frederick William, D.D. (1814-1863), was first vicar of Elton, Huntingdonshire, but in 1845 he went over to the Roman church. He is the author of many religious works, but is most known for his Hymns, many of which are very beautiful. The last verse of that beginning,

"Oh, it is hard to work for God,”—

should be engraved on every heart :

"For right is right, since God is God,

And right the day must win:

To doubt would be disloyalty,

To falter would be sin."

Fellows, Sir Charles (1799-1861), is distinguished as a traveller. A Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor, 1838; Ancient Lycia, &c., 1840; The Xanthian Marbles, &c., 1843.

Ferrier, James F., a metaphysician, born in Edinburgh, 1808. Institutes of Metaphysics, 1854; and an edition of Professor Wilson's Works.

Forbes, James David, born in Edinburgh, 1808. Travels in the Alps of Savoy; Norway and Glaciers; Papers on the Theory of Glaciers.

Forster, John, born in Newcastle, 1812. Lives of the Statesmen of the Commonwealth, 7 volumes, 1840; Life and Times of Oliver Goldsmith, 1854; Historical and Biographical Essays, 1858.

Forsyth, William, of the Inner Temple (born 1812), is the author of several works on law, but is best known by his Life of Cicero, 2 volumes, 1865, which presents some new views of the illustrious Roman orator. Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn (1822-1865), wife of a Unitarian clergyman in Manchester. Her first work was Mary Barton, 1848,-a picture, of much power and fidelity, of the character and social condition of large manufacturing towns in England. Her next works wereMoorland Cottage, 1850; Cranford;1 Sylvia's Lovers; and North and South, 1855,-another story of factory life. In 1857 appeared her Life of Charlotte Brontë,- -one of the most interesting biographies that has appeared this century. Her last work, Wives and Daughters,-by far her best effort, was published as a serial in the Cornhill Magazine. But, before it was quite completed, she ceased to write, having died suddenly, while sitting and reading with her daughters, November 12, 1865. She thus beautifully expresses why she was moved to write her first work,―her deep

SYMPATHY WITH THE POOR.

I had always felt a deep sympathy with the care-worn men, who looked as if doomed to struggle through their lives in strange alternations be tween work and want,-tossed to and fro by circumstances apparently in even a greater degree than other men. A little manifestation of this sympathy, and a little attention to the expression of feelings on the part of some of the work-people with whom I was acquainted, had laid open to me the hearts of one or two of the more thoughtful among them: I saw that they were sore and irritable against the rich, the even tenor of whose seemingly happy lives appeared to increase the anguish caused by the lottery-like nature of their own. Whether the bitter complaints made by them of the neglect which they experienced from the prosperous-espe cially from the masters whose fortunes they had helped to build upwere well founded or no, it is not for me to judge. It is enough to say that this belief of the injustice and unkindness which they endure from their fellow-creatures taints what might be resignation to God's will, and turns it to revenge, in too many of the poor, uneducated factory-workers of Manchester.

Gilfillan, Rev. George (born 1813), settled in Dundee as a Presbyterian clergyman; a critic and essayist. Gallery of Literary Portraits, first and second series; Bards of the Bible; Book of British Poetry; Martyrs, Heroes, and Bards of the Scottish Covenant; The Fatherhood of God; The History of a Man; Alpha and Omega, 2 volumes of sermons, 1860. Gladstone, Sir William Ewart, born in Liverpool in 1809. Educated at Oxford; entered Parliament in 1832, since which his political career has been as brilliant as it is honorable. In 1861 he was made Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Palmerston, and has shown himself a financier of consummate ability. His annual "budgets," long and profound as they are, are as interesting as a novel. In 1866 the

1 Said to represent the small town in Cheshire where her youth was passed.

2 In our late struggle with the slaveholders' rebellion, she was the earnest friend of the

righteous cause. In a prefatory note to her last work she says, "This book is dedicated to all my Northern friends, with the truest sympathy of an Englishwoman."