when the fronts of houses are constructed entirely with Ashler work, a separate estimate must be made for it. Ashlers usually average 9 inches in the bed, this width must, therefore, be deducted from whole width of the wall, and the remainder estimated as rubble work, to which the additional cost at the quarry, and of hewing the ashler, must be added. EXAMPLES. 1. Required the square yards and cost of a rubble wall of the specified thickness, the length of which is 53 feet 6 inches, and the height 12 feet 3 inches, at 4s. 3d. per square yard. 53.5 × 12.25 ÷ 972·82 square yards, and 72 82 x 48. 3d. = £15 98. 5 d. cost. 9:53:12: 72 square yards. 2. Required the value of a marble slab, at 8s. per foot; the length being 5 feet 7 inches, and breadth 1 foot 10 inches. Ans. £4 18. 10 d. 3. In a chimney piece, suppose the length of the mantle and slab, each 4 ft. 6 in. CARPENTERS' AND JOINERS' WORK. To this branch belongs all the wood-work of a house, such as flooring, partitioning, roofing, &c. The large and plain parts are usually measured by the square of 100 feet; but enriched mouldings, and some other articles, are often estimated by running or lineal measure, and some things are rated by the piece. Joists are measured by, multiply the depth, breadth, and length all together, for the content of one joist; multiply that by the number of the joists. Note, that the length of the joists will exceed the breadth of the room by the thickness of the wall and rd of the same, because each end is let into the wall about 3rd of its thickness. Partitions are measured from wall to wall for one dimension, and from floor to floor, as far as they extend, for the other; then multiply the length by the height. In measuring joiners' work, the string is made to ply close to every part of the work over which it passes. In roofing, the length of the rafters is equal to the length of a string stretched from the ridge down the rafter, and along the eaves-board, till it meets with the top of the wall. This length multiplied by the common depth and breadth of the rafters, gives the content of one, and that multiplied by the number of them, gives the content of all the rafters. King post roofs, &c., all the timbers in a roof are measured in the same manner as the joists, &c., in flooring. In the annexed figure, representing a truss for a roof, all the beams, as the tie-beam, kingpost, braces, &c., are measured to their full lengths, breadths, and thicknesses, in cluding the lengths of tenons; also the parts cut out on each side of the king-post, to form abutments for the braces, are included; unless their lengths exceed 2 feet each by 3 inches breadth, when their solidities must be deducted, pieces of smaller size, being considered of little or no value, are, therefore, included in the measurement. For stair-cases, take the breadth of all the steps, by making a line ply close over them, from the top to the bottom; and multiply the length of this line by the length of a step for the whole area. By the length of a step, is meant the length of the front and the returns at the two ends; and by the breadth, is to be understood the girt of its two outer surfaces, or the tread and rise. For the balustrade, take the whole length of the upper part of the hand-rail, and girt over its end till it meet the top of the newel post, for one dimension; and twice the length of the baluster upon the landing, with the girt of the hand-rail, for the other dimension. For wainscoting, take compass of the room for one dimension; and the height from the floor to the ceiling, making the string ply close into all the mouldings, for the other dimension. -Out of this must be made deductions, for windows, doors, and chimneys, &c. For doors, it is usual to allow for their thickness, by adding it into both the dimensions of length, and breadth, and then multiply them together for the area. If the door be pannelled on both sides, take double its measure for the workmanship: but if one side only be pannelled, take the area and its half for the workmanship.-For the surrounding architrave, girt it about the outermost part for one dimension, and measure over it as far as it can be seen when the door is open, for the other. Window-shutters, bases, &c., are measured in the same manner. EXAMPLES. 1. Required the content of a floor 48 feet 6 inches long, and 24 feet 3 inches broad. 1176.125 feet 11.76125 squares 1176 1 6 Ans. 11.76 1 6 2. A floor being 36 feet 3 inches long, and 16 feet 6 inches Ans. 18.3972 squares. 4. What cost the roofing of a house at the length, within the walls, being 52 feet breadth 30 feet 6 inches: reckoning the roof Ans. 10s. 6d. a square; 5. To how much, at 6s. per square yard, amounts the wainscoting, of a room; the height, taking in the cornice and mouldings being 12 feet 6 inches, and the whole compass 83 feet 8 inches; also the three window shutters are each 7 feet 8 inches by 3 feet 6 inches, and the door 7 feet by 3 feet 6 inches; the door and shutters, being worked on both sides, are reckoned work and half work? Ans. £36 12s. 2d. 6. In a naked floor there are 2 girders, each 20 feet long, and 1 foot 2 inches by 1 foot; there are 16 bridging joists, each 20 feet long, and 6 inches by 3; 16 binding joists, each 9 feet in length, and 8 inches by 4 48 ceiling joists, each 6 feet long, and 4 inches by 2: required the content in cubic feet. Ans. 144 cubic feet. 7. What will the wainscoting of a room cost at 4s. per square yard; the height of the room, including cornice and the mouldings, is 12 feet and the compass 125 feet; there are three window shutters, each 7 feet 8 inches by 3 feet, and the door 7 feet by 3 feet; the door and shutters, being worked on both sides, are reckoned half work additional? Ans. £36 12s. 2d. SLATERS' AND TILERS' WORK. In these articles, the content of a roof is found by multiplying the length of the ridge by the girt over from eaves to eaves; making allowance in this girt for the double row of slates at the bottom, or for how much one row of slates or tiles is laid over another. When the roof is of a true pitch, that is, forming a right angle at top; then the breadth of the building with its half added, is the girt over both sides. In angles formed in a roof, running from the ridge to the eaves, when the angle bends inwards, it is called a valley; but when outwards, it is called a hip. Deductions are made for chimney shafts or window holes. EXAMPLES. 1. Required the content of a slated roof, the length being 45 feet 9 inches, and the whole girt 34 feet 3 inches. 2. To how much amounts the tiling of a house, at 25s. 6d. per square; the length being 43 feet 10 inches, and the breadth on the flat 27 feet 5 inches, also the eaves projecting 16 inches on each side, and the roof of a true pitch? Ans. £24 98. 51⁄2d. PLASTERERS' WORK. Plasterers' work is of two kinds, namely, ceiling, which is plastering upon laths; and rendering, which is plastering upon walls which are measured separately. The contents are estimated either by the foot or yard, or square of 100 feet. Enriched mouldings, &c., are rated by running or lineal measure. Deductions are to be made for chimneys, doors, windows, &c. EXAMPLES. 1. How many yards contain the ceiling, which is 43 feet 3 inches long, and 25 feet 6 inches broad? 2. To how much amounts the ceiling of a room, at 10d. per yard; the length being 21 feet 8 inches, and the breadth 14 feet 10 inches? Ans. £1 9s. 8åd. 3. The length of a room is 18 feet 6 inches, the breadth 12 feet 3 inches, and height 10 feet 6 inches; to how much amounts the ceiling and rendering, the former at 8d. and the latter at 3d. per yard; allowing for the door of 7 feet by 3 feet 8, and a fireplace of 5 feet square? Ans. 1 13s. 3d. 4. Required the quantity of plastering in a room the length being 14 feet 5 inches, breadth 13 feet 2 inches, and height 9 feet 3 inches to the under side of the cornice, which girts 84 inches, and projects 5 inches from the wall on the upper part next the ceiling; deducting only for a door 7 feet by 4. |