Numbers play an important part in all the activities of life, and you cannot hope for much success unless you learn to handle them with ease. Before you study the many new and interesting things about numbers that will be found in this book, it will be well to make sure that you have not forgotten what you have already learned. First of all, you must be able to read and write numbers rapidly and accurately. In your games and occupations, in your purchases at stores, and in your accounts of your earnings and expenditures, you do not often use very large numbers; but as you see them frequently in newspapers and magazines, you must learn to understand their meaning and to read them readily. You have learned that the common method of reading and writing numbers makes use of the following ten figures: 1. Read the number on the blackboard. 2. In 376, for what does the 6 stand? the 7? the 3? 3763 hundreds, 7 tens, 6 ones. 3. Read 3498. For what does each figure stand? Each figure has a value that depends on its place in the number. The first place beginning at the right of a number is called ones' place; the second, tens' place; the third, hundreds' place; the fourth, thousands' place, etc. 4. Show that the left-hand 5 in the number 555 has a value, because of its place, that is 10 times the value of the middle 5, and 100 times the value of the right-hand 5. A number containing more than four figures is often separated, for convenience in reading, into groups, or periods, of three figures each, beginning at the right. The name of the first period is units; of the second period, thousands; of the third period, millions. The number on the blackboard above shows the arrangement of periods, and the three orders of figures in each. Beginning at the right, mark off into periods, and read: Observe that zeros are enumerated but never read; that and is never read between integers; and that the first period is simply read but not named. Thus, 376 is read "three hundred seventy-six." Write: 17. 10 thousand 4 hundred 6. 18. 150 thousand 5 hundred 25. 19. 5 million 825 thousand 5 hundred 4. 20. 5 million 25 thousand 3. 28. Sixty million one hundred fifteen thousand five. 30. Ninety-nine million six hundred thousand nine. 31. Ninety-eight million one hundred fifty-four. Read aloud. Then write the numbers from dictation: 32. There were 1,500,000 women in the United States engaged in war industries. 33. From 1907 to 1916 an average of 100,000,000 one-cent pieces was coined each year; in 1917 there were 213,500,000 cne-cent pieces coined; and in 1918 there were 445,228,201 pieces coined. 34. The boy scouts of America sold $17,000,000 worth of War Savings Stamps. They distributed 13,350,420 pledge cards averaging over $11 a card. They were awarded 2741 medals, 6679 bronze palms, and 8225 buttons. 35. Here are some of the requirements of an army of 5,000,000 men: 17,600,000 blankets, 7,978,000 overcoats, 33,000,000 pairs of shoes, 25,000,000 flannel shirts, 110,000,000 pairs of stockings, 7,000,000 campaign hats, 9,500,000 caps. 36. Write a problem containing numbers with nine figures 1. The dollar sign is $; it is placed before the number of dollars. The sign for cent or cents is ; it is placed after the number of cents. When dollars and parts of a dollar are written as one number, a period, called a decimal point, separates the dollars from the cents. Cents are written in the first two places at the right of the decimal point. Thus, 7 dollars and 45 cents is written $7.45. NOTE. Always read the word and between dollars and cents. Parts of a dollar may be written in three ways. Thus, 18 cents may be written 184, $0.18, or $.18. One tenth of a cent is called a mill. Mills are not coined; but they are used in many calculations. $.003 is read "3 mills," $.025 is read "2 cents 5 mills," $.184 is read "18 cents 4 mills." 3. Read; then write from dictation, using the dollar sign: In business, the seller usually regards any part of a cent as an additional cent. |