EVERYDAY MEASUREMENTS We measure the quantity of anything by finding how many times it contains some unit of the same kind, called the unit of measure. The standard or principal units of capacity, length, weight, and time are as follows: Liquid-gallon. Length or distance - yard. Time-day. = 24 of Most other common measures are determined from the above unit measures. Thus, 1 ton 2000 times 1 pound (16 oz.); 1 hour revolution of the earth on its axis; 1 quart of 1 yard, etc. = 1 day, the period of one of 1 gallon; 1 inch = = A concrete number whose unit is a measure established by custom or by law is called a denominate number. In 10 feet, 1 foot is the unit of measure; in 5 pounds, 1 pound is the unit of measure; in 12 bushels, 1 bushel is the unit of measure, etc. A number of one denomination is called a simple denominate number. Thus, 12 rods; 2 ounces; 15 days; 16 pounds; 25 gallons; 16 hundredweight, etc., are simple denominate numbers. A number composed of two or more concrete numbers that express one quantity is called a compound denominate number. Thus, 6 yards 2 feet 4 inches is a compound denominate number (yards, feet, and inches being used to express a single quantity); also 5 bushels 3 pecks 4 quarts (bushels, quarts, and pecks being used to express a single quantity). LIQUID MEASURES Oral Work Liquid measures are used in measuring milk, oil, vinegar, and other liquid articles. 18 842 72 3 Since there are 4 qt. in 1 gal., 18 gal. = 18 × 4 qt a 72 qt. 72 qt. + 3 qt. = 75 qt. Notice that although in the explanation 4 qt. is the mul tiplicand and 18 the multiplier, in actual written work the numbers are regarded as abstract and the smaller factor is used, for convenience, as the multiplier. Much of the work in reduction can, however, be done mentally. 75 (qt.) 24. John sells 50 pt. of milk at 16¢ a quart. How many gallons and quarts remaining does he sell, and how much does he receive for the milk? 25. Mrs. Smith buys 2 gal. lamp oil. How many days will it last if she uses 1 pt. a day? 26. How many gallons of milk are consumed by a family in 75 days, if they use 21 qt. daily? 27. A tank in an oil field holds 7500 gal. of crude oil. How many barrels of 42 gal. each does it hold? 28. Henry works in his father's sugar camp in the spring, and for his share of the work he receives 8 gal. of maple sirup, which he retails in quart bottles at 75 a quart. For how much does he sell the maple sirup? 29. A milkman has a can of milk containing 10 gal. If he sells 5 qt. to his first customer, 4 qt. to the second customer, 4 gal. to the third customer, and 3 gal. 1 pt. to the fourth, how much has he left in the can? DRY MEASURES Oral Work Dry measures are used in measuring grain, fruit, roots, and other dry articles. Name five articles sold by the bushel. Change: Written Work 1. 7 bu. 3 pecks to pints. 2. 3 pk. 3 qt. to quarts. 3. 5 bu. 1 qt. to quarts. 4. 14 bu. 4 pk. to pecks. 5. bu. to pecks. 6. 8 pk. to quarts. 7. 11 bu. to pecks. 10. 32 qt. to bushels. 11. 16 qt. to pecks. 12. 18 pk. to bushels. 13. James picked 20 qt. of cranberries. How many pecks did he pick? How many pints did he pick? He sold the cranberries at 8 a quart. How much did he receive for them? 14. During one week John picked peaches as follows: Monday, 2 pk.; Tuesday, 3 pk.; Wednesday, 2 pk.; Thursday, 1 bu.; Friday, 1 bu.; Saturday, 3 pk. Find the number of bushels and pecks he picked during the week. 15. James had a chestnut tree. 3 qt. of chestnuts from the tree. gather? He gathered in all 1 bu. 16. Mary's mother gave her the apples on a certain tree to sell. Mary sold at six different times: 1 pk., 1 pk., pk., 1 pk., 11 pk., 1 bu. How many bushels and pecks of apples did she sell? How much did she receive for them at $2 a bushel? 17. How many bushels of potatoes were necessary to plant 87 acres, allowing 6 bu. 1 pk. to the acre? 18. Walter picked 4 bu. of apples and sold them to a grocer for 6 a quart. He took in exchange coffee at 24 ¢ a pound. How many pounds of coffee did he receive? |