ENCYCLOPEDIA

OF

SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND ART.

SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED

BY

J. G. HECK.

TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, WITH ADDITIONS,

AND EDITED BY

SPENCER F. BAIRD, A.M., M.D.,

PROFESSOR OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN DICKINSON COLLEGE, CARLISLE, PA.

ILLUSTRATED BY FIVE HUNDRED STEEL F

CONTAINING UPWARDS OF TWELVE THOUSAND ENGRAVING

IN FOUR VOLUMES.

VOL. I:

MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY,

PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY,
GEOGNOSY AND GEOLOGY.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,

346 & 348 BROADWAY.

M.DCCC.LX.

ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849 by

RUDOLPH GARRIGUE,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.