43. If James has 74 marbles, John 213, Tom 185, Henry 309, William 834, and Patrick 648; how many have they in all? 44. A farmer laid out on oxen £348, on horses £487, on sheep £964, on cows £189, on labouring utensils £209; how much did he lay out altogether? 45. In a house there were nine windows in front, and each window had twelve panes of glass. In the rear there were six windows, and each of these windows had nine panes of glass; how many panes of glass were there in all the windows? 46. A fruiterer bought six chests of oranges. In the first chest there were 468 oranges; in the second 679; in the third 804; in the fourth 979; in the fifth 1042; in the sixth 1709; how many oranges were there in all the chests? 47. A linen draper sold 46 yards of cloth on Monday; 78 on Tuesday; 65 on Wednesday; the same quantity on Thursday; 64 on Friday; and 97 on Saturday; how many yards of cloth did he sell during the week? 48. A grocer received for goods sold on Monday £4; on Tuesday £6; on Wednesday £10; on Thursday £9; on Friday £13; and on Saturday as much as he had received all the former days of the week; how much did he receive during the week for goods? SIMPLE SUBTRACTION. Subtraction is the method of finding the difference between two numbers. From 6237 take 4895. RULE WITH EXAMPLE.-Place the less num Example. *Proof. 4895 S 4895 S 1342 R 6237 M ber under the greater, so that units may stand 6237 M next digit which is 9. Take 9 from 3; this cannot be done; when this is the case, add 10 to the upper digit, which will make it 13. Take 9 from 13 and 4 remain. Put down the 4. Whenever 10 has been added, as it was to the 3, 1 is to be added to the next digit. Thus, add 1 to 8 which makes 9. Take 9 from 2, it cannot be done; then as before, add 10 to the 2. Now take 9 from 12 and 3 remain. Put down the 3. Add 1 to 4, it will make 5. Take 5 from 6 and 1 remains. Put down the 1. The number 1342 is called the Remainder, the Difference, or the Excess. The number from which the subtraction is made, viz. 6237, is called the Minuend. The number which is subtracted, viz. 4895, is called the Subtrahend. *For the proof, add S and R; their sum should be equal to M 35. From seven hundred and nine thousand four hundred and twenty-seven, take two hundred and fifty-one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two. 36. From two millions two hundred and two thousand and two, take nine hundred and ninety-six thousand and seven. 37. What is the difference between six millions five hundred thousand and four, and two millions nine hundred thousand seven hundred and sixty? 38. How much does sixty-four thousand two hundred and four, exceed six thousand two hundred and forty-nine ? 39. John lent James £9071, of this sum he has received back £999; how much has James yet to pay? 40. On a cherry tree there were 2046 cherries, of these 1875 were gathered; how many remained? 41. Columbus discovered America in the year 1492; how many years is it from that time to 1836?· 42. In a certain school there are 436 boys, of these only 264 ean write; how many are unable to write? 43. In one of the National Schools there are 427 boys; in another there are 249; how many more are there in the one than in the other? 44. John had 202 nuts in his pocket, but there being a hole in it, he lost 96 nuts; how many had he remaining? 45. On an apple tree there were 165 apples, the wind blew off two dozen and a half; how many were left? 46. A draper bought 4786 yards of cloth, and sold 3987 yards; how many yards has he unsold? 47. What sum added to sixty-five thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, will make one million four hundred and fifty-two thousand three hundred and thirteen? 48. I was born in the year 1828; how old shall I be in the year 1839? 49. Ireland is about 300 miles in length, and 170 miles in breadth; how much greater is the length than the breadth? 50. Ben Nevis in Scotland, the highest mountain in the British Islands, is 4350 feet above the level of the sea; the summit of Magillicuddy's Reeks, the highest point in Ireland, is 3610; what is the difference in height between these two mountains? 51. The Shannon, the largest river in the British Isles, has a course of about 170 miles. The Amazon, in South America, has a course of about 3000 miles. What is the difference in length of their course? 52. The diameter of the Sun is about 883,246 miles; that of the Earth about 7912; what is the difference between the diameter of the Sun and that of the Earth? 53. The surface of the earth is nearly 200 millions of square miles, of this it is probable that 60 millions are land; how many more square miles of water than of land are there in the earth's surface? 54. The population of London was 1,776,556. The population of Dublin was about 203,652; how many more people were there in London than in Dublin? 55. Mont Blanc, in Switzerland, is the highest mountain in Europe, being 15,680 feet above the level of the sea. Chimborazo, the highest mountain in America, is about 21,000 feet in height; What is the difference in height between these two mountains? 56. Coals were discovered at Newcastle, A.D. 1234; how long is it from that time till the year 1836 ? now, viz., 57. Since convicts were first sent to Botany Bay, it is 1836, about 42 years; in what year were convicts first sent? 58. Sir Isaac Newton was born A.D. 1642, and died 1727; how old was he when he died? 59. Petersburgh was founded by Peter the Great, A.D. 1703; how long is it from that time till the year 1836 ? 60. The art of printing was discovered about the year 1449; how long is it from that time to the year 1836 ? MIXED QUESTIONS. 1. Tom had 264 marbles; he gave 64 to James, 75 to William, and 42 to John; how many had he left? 2. A merchant had 4268 yards of cloth, on Monday he sold 146 yards, on Tuesday 97, on Wednesday 246, on Thursday 198, on Friday 364, on Saturday 497; how much cloth had he remaining? 3. Three regiments went to battle, in the first there were 968 soldiers, in the second 769, and in the third 847. There were 248 men killed in the first regiment, 368 in the second, and when the regiments returned there were only 436 men in the third; how many returned from the battle? 4. A man had a journey of 298 miles to make, the first day he walked 42 miles, the second 36 miles, the third 31 miles, the fourth 27 miles; how much farther had he to go? 5. Three vessels sailed to America with emigrants, in the first vessel there were 126 men, 96 women, and 42 children; in the second vessel there were 93 men, 37 women, and 26 children; in the third vessel there were 43 men, 24 women, and 8 children. In the first vessel three persons died; in the second two were washed overboard; the third vessel was wrecked and all on board perished; how many got safe to America? 6. A little boy went to the Zoological Gardens to see the animals; he laid his hat on the ground, which contained 264 nuts; while his attention was engaged, the monkey stole 27 of his nuts; while he was pursuing the monkey, a squirrel made off with 16 more; how many had he remaining? 7. The population of Cork was some years ago 108,000; of Belfast 55,000; of Liverpool 166,000; of Glasgow 203,000; by how much does the population of London exceed all these cities, the population of it being 1,776,556 in the year 1831? 8. Received on Monday £247; paid away on Tuesday £196; received on Wednesday £349; paid away on Thursday £402; received on Friday £687; paid away on Saturday £398; what money had I still remaining? SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION. Multiplication teaches us to find what a number will amount to, when it is repeated a number of times. Case I.-When the Multiplier does not exceed 12. Multiply 53 by 7. Ex. * Proot. 53 Md 53 7 Mr 53 53 53 53 53 53 371 ... RULE WITH EXAMPLE.-Place the number by which you are to multiply under the number to be multiplied; then say 7 times three make 21. Put down the 1 under the 7. Then 7 times 5 make 35, and the 2 of the 21 371 make 37. Put down the 37. The 53 is called the Multiplicand; the 7 is called the Multiplier; and the 371 is called the Product. The multiplicand and the multiplier taken together are called the Factors; thus 53 and 7 are factors. Multiplication is but a short method of addition, as is shewn by adding 53 seven times to itself. ... ... ... * 53 added 7 times. Lethe pupil prove similarly the Examples on this p. |