there are about 30,000 square miles of surface; how many persons to each mile? 98. The earth is about 95 millions of miles distant from the sun; how many days would a horse take in reaching the sun, supposing he went at the rate of 45 miles per day? 99. The rays of light come from the sun to the earth in 8 minutes, or 495 seconds; at what rate does light move per second, the distance from the sun to the earth being 95173000 miles? 100. The circumference of the earth is about 25000 miles; how many days would a man take to walk round it at the rate of 27 miles per day? COMPOUND ADDITION. Add together the following sums of money; £64, 128. 4 d., £86, 158. 6 d., £14, 16s. 5 d., £34, 178. 9ąd. £ 8. d. 64 12 41 86 15 61 14 16 59 RULE WITH EXAMPLE.-Place pounds under pounds, shillings under shillings, &c., and draw a line under all. Then first add the farthings together; thus, 3 farthings and 3 farthings make 6 farthings, 6 and 2 make 8, and 1 makes 9, which are equal to 24. Put the under the farthings, and add the 2 pence to the pence column. Then 2 201 2 2 pence and 9 pence make 11, and 5 make 16, and 6 34 17 99 make 22, and 4 make 26; but 26 pence are equal to 2 shillings and 2 pence. Put the 2 pence under the pence column, and add the 2 shillings to the shilling column; then 2 shillings and 7 shillings make 9, and 6 make 15, and 5 make 20, and 2 make 22; now come down the column adding the tens, 22 and 10 (of the 12) make 32, and 10 (of the 15) make 42, and 10 make 52, and 10 make 62. 62 shillings are equal to 3 pounds, 2 shillings; set the 2 shillings under the shilling column, and carry the three pounds to the pound column. Proceed now as in Simple Addition. The principles on which the operation depend are the same as for Simple Addition; only that the columns here do not differ from each in a tenfold degree. 17. A merchant, the first year he was in business, sold goods to the amount of £476, 18s. 7d.; the second year £678, 14s. 6§d.; the third year £878, 7s. 02d.; the fourth year, £917, 18s. 7d.; the fifth year £1312, 19s. 8d.; what was the amount of goods sold during the five years? 18. Bought a quantity of goods for which I paid £496, 16s. 6d.; besides this I paid for packing 68. 8d.; for case 16s. 6d.; for cord 18. 6d.; for porterage 4s.; for freight £4, 11s. 6d.; carriage by waggon 13s.; for booking 9d.; how much did I pay for the goods altogether? 19. A merchant purchased goods to the amount of £1468, 168. 7d.; he paid freight £27, 7s. 6d. ; other charges £23, 14s. 74d.; and he gained by the sale of the goods £348, 198. 64d.; how much did he sell the goods for? 20. The expenses of building a house were as follows:-architect £198; bricklayer £4762; mason £2141, 16s. 6d.; carpenter £2768, 178. 9d; plumber £896, 148.; glazier £478, 16s. 6d. ; painter £421, 188. 114d.; and paper-hanger £243, 188. 7d.; what was the amount? 21. A merchant owes the following sums:-at Liverpool £642, 16s. Od.; at Amsterdam £1426, 18s. 6d. ; at Madrid £2406, 198. Od.; at Constantinople £897, 0s. Od.; at Copenhagen £786, 168. 8d.; at Lisbon £2704, 178. 8d.; at Dresden £786, 14s. Od; what was the gross amount of his debts? 22. A person went to market and laid out on the purchase of tea £2, 16s. 7d.; on coffee £2, 78. 84d.; on sugar £3, 14s. Od.; on beef £2, 168. 6d.; on mutton 378.; on veal 98. 74d.; on various other articles £3, 15s. 7ąd.; how much was laid out in all? COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. From £64, 12s. 6d. take £27, 188. 8d. £ s. 64 12 27 18 d. 61 89 36 13 9 RULE WITH EXAMPLE.-Place the smaller number under the greater as in Simple Subtraction. Then, 3 farthings from 2 farthings, cannot; add 4 farthings (=1 penny) to the 2, and 3 farthings from 6, there remain 3, place the under the farthings. Add 1 to the 8, then 9 pence from 6 pence, cannot; add 12 pence (=1 shilling) to the 6, then 9 from 18, there remain 9, put the 9 pence under the pence. Add 1 to the 18, then 19 shillings from 12, cannot; add 20 shillings (=1 pound) to the 12, then 19 from 32, there remain 13, place the 13 under the shillings. Carry 1 to the 7 and proceed as in Simple Subtraction. C 13. From £4,298, 168. 61d., take £1,490, 198. 8d. 14. Take £2,704, 198. 8d., from £17,024, 188. Od. 15. How much will remain of £4,968, if you take away £1,467, 198. 64d.? 16. I lent John £2,046, 158. Od.; he has paid me £1,276, 148. 9d.; how much does he still owe me? 17. A person was sent to the Bank to receive £467; in returning he lost two fifty pound notes, and three ten pound notes; how much had he remaining? 18. There were two houses worth £246, 188. Od.; one of them was sold for £121, 16s. 6d.; what was the value of the other house? 19. A cow and calf were worth £16, 78. 104d.; but the calf alone was worth £2, 68. 72d.; can you tell me the value of the cow? 20. A farmer owed £164, 10s. Od.; he gave to his creditors a horse worth £24, 0s. Od. ; a cow worth £16, 148. 6d. ; and a plough worth £13, 168. Od.; how much was still due? 21. Bought a quantity of goods for £1,426, 168. Od; sold them for £1,537, 188. 64d.; what was the profit? 22. A vessel, with its cargo, was worth fifty-six thousand four hundred and thirty-nine pounds; the cargo was worth thirty-four thousand nine hundred and nine pounds eight shillings and sixpence; what was the value of the ship? 23. A tradesman borrowed £1,243; in January he paid £236, 15s. Od.; in April £197, 12s. 6d. ; in August £349, 188. 8d.; and in December £283, 0s. Od.; how much does he yet owe? 24. A young man had in the Savings' Bank £124, 10s. 6d. Being sick and unable to work he drew out £8, 48. 8d. After this he went into business and laid out in the purchase of stock £42, 16s. 6d.; and for fixtures £14, 188. Od.; what sum had he still in the bank? 25. A merchant has in cash £568, 17s. 6d.; goods valued at £4,794, 18s. Od.; a house worth £809, 0s. Od.; a ship worth £894, Os. Od.; debts due to him £749, 16s. 9 d. He owes for goods £2,475, 168. Od.; an architect £374, 198. Od.; and various other sums that come to £798, 178. 94d.; what is his net stock? COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION. £ s. 6 12 d. 41 7 RULE WITH EXAMPLE.-Begin Multiplying the farthings by 7. Thus, 7 times are 34, set down and carry 3 to the pence; 7 times 4d. are 2s. 4d., and 3 carried are 2s. 7d.; set down 7 under the pence and carry 2; 7 times 12 are 84 and 2 carried are 868., which is equal to £4, 6s.; set down the 6 under the shillings, and carry 4; 7 times 6 are 42 and 4 carried make £46. Place it under the pounds. EXERCISES. 46 6 7 |