Volume of air required for drying rooms

66

66

66

46

V seam, Bead or

W.

Wages, Table of.

Walls and windows, Diagram of heat loss through
Thickness of

66

66

..

foundation.

46

Wash basins
Washout closet

Waste and vent pipe, Weight of brass soil
"lead soil..

66

gases.
pipe, Definition of
pipes, Fall for drain and.
stack, Definition of

Waterback connections, Multiple range.

Water-closet floor slabs..

66

66

PAGE

191

165

66

room, Proportion of radiating surface to.
Ratio of hot-water radiating surface to 201
steam, Specific

105

262

Waterproofing

pipes, and solder nipples, Brass soil.
Table of least sizes of soil

traps, Care of

closets

distribution in buildings.

filtration

16

44

66 storage.

gas

Heat transmission through metals to
in pipes, Flow of.

6.

sprinkler tank, Pressures and quantities of...
mains, Capacity of.
measurement.

meters, Table of approximate deliveries of.
pipe, Pressure loss in

Standard dimensions of wrought-iron steam,
gas, and

pipes, Air locks in.

pressure

proofing walls

service pipes, Capacity of.

46

Table of capacity of

Simple tests for drinking

Cisterns for
supply and distribution
tanks, Capacity of cylindrical

66

Table of sizes of wooden

365

116

93

93

310

290

291

268

269

267

277

121

261

277

261

336

295

354

290

330

346

241

345

83

374

333

331

333

334

152

347

330

310

331

332

353

325

325

321

326

327

66

66

of air, Formula for volume and
"brass ferrules and nipples.

66

soil, waste, and vent pipe
building materials, Approximate
"cast-iron pipe

66

fireproofing materials.

fireproof floors, Approximate
"floors, partitions, and roofs.
galvanized iron piping

..

sheet iron

:::

46

lead pipe

soil, waste, and vent pipe
pure water, Expansion and
"sheet iron.

66

zinc, copper, and lead
tin-lined lead pipe

Troy
Weights and measures

White lead

Wind pressure.

42
43

43

41

of cast-iron soil pipes. Table of

264

64

round galvanized-iron pipe, Table of.

238

sewer pipe, Table of sizes and

308

wrought-iron or steel drainage pipe, Table of 267
Specific gravities and

41

145

161

271

87

116

262

262

262

specific gravities of building materials,
Table of..
dry woods, Table of
liquids, Table of..
metals, Table of.

Wet return main, Definition of

46 returns.

46

46

66

66 seam, Angle.

46 Flush

joint, Straight.

joints

•C

Windows, Diagram of heat loss through walls and

Wiped branch joint

66

flanged joint

Sizes of supply
and return
pipes for....... 181

79

57

34

37

103

268

268

86

360

87

87

86

06

PAGE

280

82

178

for lead pipe, Length of

237

239

358

269

362

361

358

359

35

33

263

358

262

262

xlviii

Wiping joints on tin pipe.
Wood, Heating value of

Wooden beams, Safe uniformly distributed loads for
rectangular.

90

66

pipe

273

43

350

Woods, Table of weights and specific gravities of dry
Work-shop wrinkles, Recipes, tests, and.
Wrought-iron or steel drainage pipe, Table of weights of 267
pipe, Black

273

steam, gas, and water pipe, Dimensions of

INDEX.

66

46

standard.
To galvanize..

44

tin

N

PAGE

350

122

Z.

Zero, Absolute

Zinc, copper, and lead, Weight of sheet

66

Sheet

152

351

351

98

358

272

PLUMBERS AND FITTERS'

HANDBOOK.

ARITHMETIC.

SIGNS USED IN CALCULATION. + Plus, indicates addition; thus, 10+5 is 15.

Minus, indicates subtraction; thus, 10-5 is 5.
Multiplied by, indicates multiplication; thus, 10 × 5 is 50.
Divided by, indicates division; thus, 10 ÷ 5 is 2.
Equal to, indicates equality; thus, 12 in. 1 ft.

=

( ), [ ], { }, called parenthesis, bracket, and brace,

respectively, have the same meaning, and signify that the operations indicated within them are to be performed first; or, if more than one is used, that indicated in the inner one is to be effected first. Thus, in the expression 5(7-2), the subtraction is to be made before multiplying by 5. Again, in the subtraction indicated

the expression [a+(b)].

4

within the parenthesis is made first; the remainder is added to a, and one-half the sum found.

called the vinculum, is used for the same purpose as the parenthesis, but chiefly in connection with the sign

V; thus,

called the decimal point, is placed in a number conaining dec hals, to fix the value of the number; thus, 12.5 is 12 and 1.25 is 1 and; etc.

82 means that the number 8 is to be squared; thus, 82 = 8 X8 = 64.

1

83 means that the number 8 is to be cubed; thus, 83 X8

= 512.

called the radical sign, means that some root of the expression under it is to be found; if used without a small index figure, it means square root; thus, 64 8.

3 V mean that the cube or the fourth root is to be found, the index figure indicating the root; thus, 27 = 3. : ::: means proportion; thus, 3: 4 :: 6: 8 is read 3 is to 4 as 6 is to 8. Instead of the sign, the equality sign : often substituted; thus, 3:46:8.

is

0 / 11 mean degrees, minutes, and seconds; as, 60° 15′ 15′′, which is read 60 degrees, 15 minutes, 15 seconds.

///

also mean feet and inches; thus, 7' 6" is read 7 feet

6 inches.

(read pi) means the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter and = 3.1416.

Σ (read sigma) means summation; thus, (a + b) means that there are several values for both a and b, and that the sum of all is to be found.

FRACTIONS.

It is taken for granted that the reader knows how to perform the common operations of addition, subtraction, etc., where only whole numbers are used; but, when there are mixed or fractional numbers, a little refreshment of the memory may be desirable to some; hence, a little space is devoted to this elementary branch of arithmetic.

COMMON FRACTIONS.

The numerator of a fraction is the number above the bar; and the denominator is the number beneath it; thus, in the fraction 4, 3 is the numerator and 4 is the denominator. Two or more fractions having the same denominator are said to have a common denominator. By "reducing fractions to a common denominator" is meant finding such a denominator as will contain each of the given denominators without a