Area of flue opening.

144 square inches and less 144 to 300 square inches 300 to 600 square inches

Thickness of wall.

8 inches 12 inches

16 inches

(d) When burnt fire-clay flue-lining is used, the thickness above specified may be reduced 4 inches; but no masonry chimney shall have walls less than 8 inches thick. Where more than one smoke flue is contained within the chimney breast, the walls dividing such smoke flues shall not be less than 4 inches thick.

(e) The stresses in the walls of any chimney shall not exceed the limits fixed by this Act for the material of which the chimney is constructed. 441. SMOKE FLUES.] The cross-sectional area of smoke flues for for gas stoves, gas grates, or ordinary cook stoves shall not be less than 49 square inches; and the least dimension shall not be less than 4 inches. For lowpressure water heaters, hot-air furnaces, bakers' ovens, large laundry stoves, and large cooking ranges the cross-sectional area of smoke flue shall not be less than 77 square inches.

442. FLUE LINING.] Smoke-flue linings shall be of well-burnt fire-clay pipe or fire brick. Fire-clay pipe shall be smooth on the inside, and shall extend from the bottom of the flue to the top. The sections of pipe shall be laid in cement mortar and shall be built in as the chimney is carried up. All smoke flues of 400 square inches and over shall be lined with fire brick, not less than 4 inches thick, from the bottom of the flue to at least 25 feet above the smoke entrance; and a 2-inch air space shall be left between the firebrick lining and the chimney wall.

443. CHIMNEY SUPPORTS.] (a) No chimney shall be built upon any wood supports unless three courses of brick in full mortar joints is first laid thereon. No combustible furring or sheathing shall be placed on the chimney breast.

(b) In no case shall a chimney be corbeled out more than 8 inches from the wall; and for 8-inch walls it shall not be corbeled out more than 4 inches. The corbeling shall not exceed 12 inches for each course of brick, and in the same ratio for chimneys of other materials. Piers which support chimneys shall start from the foundation on the same line with the chimney breast.

444. SMOKE PIPE.] (a) No metal smoke-pipe shall pass through any wood floor, or through any non-fireproof roof.

(b) Smoke pipes for cook stoves, hot-air furnaces, low-pressure steam or hot-water boiler shall be not less than 15 inches below any wood lath and plaster or other combustible ceiling, unless at least the upper half of such pipe is protected by at least 1 inch of asbestos covering or its equivalent or by a metal casing spaced 2 inches from the upper half of the pipe and conforming to the contour thereof. If so protected, such smoke pipes shall not be less than 6 inches from any wood-lath and plaster construction, wood work, or other combustible material.

(c) When a smoke pipe passes through a wood-lath and plaster or other combustible partition, a section of the partition shall be removed and the smoke pipe be so placed that no part of it shall be less than the diameter of pipe from any remaining combustible part of the partition. The section of the partition removed shall be replaced by a fireproof material.

(d) Smoke pipes for high-pressure steam boilers and furnaces producing a high degree of heat shall not be nearer than 36 inches from any combustible construction unless covered with at least 3 inches of asbestos covering or its equivalent, in which case it shall not be nearer than 18 inches.

445. FRAMING AROUND CHIMNEYS.] No joists, beams or girders shall be supported on the walls of chimneys; and the framing around chimneys of all kinds shall be so constructed that no wood joist or timber is placed nearer than 2 inches from the outside face of the walls thereof. In no case shall the distance from the inside of any flue to any wood joist or timber be less than 7 inches.

446. INTERNAL CHIMNEYS IN FIREPROOF BUILDINGS.] (a) Internal chimneys of steel plates may be built in buildings of fireproof construction. The steel

shall not be less than three-eighths of an inch thick, except the upper 50 feet of such chimney may be one-quarter of an inch in thickness.

(b) Cast iron may be used for such chimneys, provided it shall not be less than three-quarters of an inch in thickness and joined by bell and spigot joints or bolted flanges. All joints in cast iron chimneys shall be jointed with fire clay. Such internal chimneys shall be held in position at each floor and at the roof.

(c) Reinforced concrete may be used for such chimneys, provided it shall not be less than 4 inches thick and shall be built in accordance with the requirements of this Act for reinforced concrete construction.

(d) All internal chimneys of steel plates, cast iron or reinforced concrete shall be lined with approved insulating material, not less than 2 inches thick, from a point at least 2 feet below the smoke inlet to a height of ten times the diameter of the chimney. If the flue is square, the lining shall extend to a height of at least ten times the diameter of an equivalent circular section. If the lining of a reinforced concrete chimney stops below the top of said chimney, or if the cross-section of such chimney is changed, then the reinforcement at such points shall be increased sufficiently to prevent temperature cracks.

(e) Internal chimneys of steel plates, cast iron, or reinforced concrete shall be surrounded by a continuous air space not less than 4 inches wide; and such air space shall be surrounded by brick, hollow tile or reinforced concrete. No structural metal in such air space shall be without fireproof covering.

447. EXTERNAL CHIMNEYS.] On any brick or concrete building, a smoke flue may be placed on the outside, if it is made of galvanized sheet metal not less than one-tenth of an inch thick. Such flues shall be circular in form, properly riveted together, and be carried up to a height of at least 10 feet above the top of the building. Such flues shall be properly braced at intervals for their entire length with flat iron bands securely anchored to the wall; and shall have a free air space of at least 4 inches between the outside of the metal flue and the wall of the building, and shall have a clean-out door at the bottom. The metal flue shall rest upon a cast iron base supported on suitable masonry foundation.

448. ISOLATED CHIMNEYS.] Isolated chimneys shall be so designed and constructed that the stress in every part thereof, due to the weight of the chimney itself and to wind pressure, shall not exceed the safe limits provided by this Act for the material used. The fire-brick lining shall be built free of the enclosing walls with an air space at least 2 inches in width.

449. IRON CUPOLA CHIMNEYS.] Iron cupola chimneys for foundries shall extend at least 10 feet above the highest point of any roof within 50 feet of such cupola, and shall be covered on top with a heavy wire netting and capped with a suitable spark arrester.

ARTICLE XVII.

ELEVATORS.

455. APPROVAL OF PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS.] (a) It shall be the duty of every person, firm or corporation, acting either as owner or agent, contractor or lessee of any building or structure in which any elevator is to be constructed or altered to submit such plans and specifications as are necessary to advise the local or State Building Commissioner of the plan of construction, type of elevator and kind of equipment to be used. Such plans and specifications shall, where they comply with the requirements of this Act, be approved by the local or State Building Commissioner.

(b) The local building commissioner may charge such fees for the approval of such plans and specifications as shall be required by the local municipal authorities. No fees shall be charged by the State Building Commissioner for his approval of such plans and specifications.

(c) The State Building Commissioner may require that plans and specifications for the construction and equipment of elevators in buildings and structures be submitted to him for approval, even though they may have been approved by the local building commissioner.

(d) It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use any elevator in any building hereafter constructed, or in any building in which a new elevator has been installed, without first securing a certificate of inspection and the approval of the local or State Building Commissioner.

(e) The local building commissioner may charge such fees for such certificate of inspection and approval as shall be required by the corporate municipal authorities. The State Building Commissioner shall make no charge for such certificate of inspection and approval unless such charges shall hereafter be authorized by Act of the Legislature.

456. ENCLOSURE OF ELEVATOR SHAFT.] (a) In all non-fireproof buildings hereafter erected, all passenger elevators and all freight elevators, except such as are expressly excepted by this Act, shall be enclosed in a wall of brick, concrete, tile or such incombustible material as may from time to time be approved by the local or State Building Commissioner. Such enclosure shall extend from the foundation to the roof of such building.

(b) In all fireproof buildings hereafter erected, all elevator shafts shall be enclosed with incombustible or fireproof material.

457. ENCLOSURE OF PITS AND SHAFTS IN BASEMENTS.] Whenever any elevator shaft extends down into a basement or cellar, that portion thereof extending below the street level shall be inclosed in walls of brick, concrete, tile or other fireproof material, and the door openings in such inclosure shall be protected by incombustible doors. Where such elevator shafts do not extend down into the basement they shall be provided with fireproof pits at the lowermost floor level above which they serve, and such pits shall have no opening except for cables or other elevator equipment.

458. ENCLOSURE OF DUMB-WAITER SHAFTS.] In all fireproof buildings hereafter erected, the dumb-waiter shafts shall be enclosed with walls not less than 2 inches thick, composed of brick, tile, reinforced concrete or cement. plaster on metal studs and lath.

459. DOORS.] In all elevator shafts which are herein required to be enclosed with fireproof walls, the door openings shall be equipped with approved fire doors, which shall be made to open from the outside by means of a key or other device satisfactory to the local or State Building Commissioner.

460. HATCH DOORS OF FREIGHT ELEVATORS.] (a) Freight elevators constructed and in operation at the time of the passage of this Act need not have enclosing walls; but in all such cases there shall be at every floor through which such freight elevators pass, automatic hatch closers or automatic doors made in such manner that they will fully close each well hole when the temperature in such well hole exceeds 140 degrees Fahrenheit. It shall be the duty of the owner, agent or person in possession, charge or control of a building in which such elevator is maintained to keep such hatch closers or doors at all times in good working order. Such automatic hatch closers shall be examined by the local or State Building Commissioner, and if said officials shall find that such doors will automatically close when the temperature at or near such doors exceeds 140 degrees Fahrenheit, and that the conditions of construction and operation of such doors or hatch closers are such that there is no reasonable probability of their getting out of order and failing to operate when required, and if in their construction or operation there is nothing that is likely to cause accidents to or interference with the elevator service in such hatch holes which they were intended to close, and if the building in which such freight elevator is in use is equipped with stairways, fire escapes and passenger elevators sufficient to offer ample means of escape from such buildings in case of fire, for all persons employed or for all persons in such building, then, and in such cases only, shall the use of such hatch doors or closers be permitted.

461. SAFETY DEVICES.] (a) Every passenger and freight elevator now in operation or hereafter installed, except such as are hereafter exempted from the provisions of this Act, shall be provided with a speed governor and such other efficient devices to secure the safe operation of such passenger or freight elevator, and to prevent the cab or car of such elevator from falling, and to secure the safety of the cab or car and its load in case it does fall, as may be required by the local or State Building Commissioner.

1

Such speed governor and other devices shall be subjected to such a practical test as may be determined by the local or State Building Commissioner for the purpose of ascertaining the efficiency of such safety devices.

(b) It shall be the duty of the local or State Building Commissioner to test each and every such device to be installed upon elevators.

462. SAFE GUARDS FOR ELEVATORS.] (a) Where the counterweights travel in the same hatchway with an elevator car, the portion of the car contiguous to the weights shall be protected from the top to the bottom of the car by a suitable guard.

(b) It shall be unlawful to erect or maintain an elevator where such elevator or its counterweight descends into any passageway or thoroughfare.

(c) All counterweights hereafter installed shall have their component parts so fastened together as to prevent any piece or pieces from becoming detached from the guides should the counterweights be accidentally drawn to the top of the hatchway.

(d) Where drum counterweight-cables run through or pass by the car counterweights to weights underneath, they shall be provided with a suitable covering to prevent their chafing and wearing on the counterweights. (e) All freight eleyators shall be provided with a guard at least 6 feet high, All elevator cars or cabs, whether used for freight or passengers, shall be provided with some device whereby such car or cab may be held in the event of accident to the shipper rope or hoisting machinery or controlling apparatus.

(f) No passenger elevator shall be installed or operated with a freight compartment either below or above the car or cab.

(g) All hoistways, hatchways, elevator wells and wheel holes in factories, mercantile establishments, mills or workshops, shall be securely fenced, inclosed or otherwise safely protected, and due diligence shall be used to keep all such means of protection closed, except when it is necessary to have the same open, in order that the said hatchways, elevators or hoisting apparatus may be used.

(h) There shall be directly under the sheaves at the top of every elevator hatchway, a grating of steel or heavy wire mesh properly supported by steel or iron and capable of sustaining a load of not less than 500 pounds.

(i) Where elevators other than hand hoists and sidewalk elevators are not inclosed with fireproof or incombustible material, as is elsewhere herein specified in this Act, the well-hole of such elevator shall be enclosed with a wire guard not less than 6 feet high. The counterweights and the immediate space through which they travel shall be protected from the floor to the ceiling with a wire guard or with other incombustible material. There shall be on all elevators hereafter constructed a clear space of not less than 2 feet between the bottom of the hatchway and the level of the lower floor landing when the car is at its lowest position, and there must be a clearance of at least 4 feet from the top of the crossbeam of the car to the lower side of the grating under the overhead sheaves.

(j) All passenger and freight elevators hereafter installed, except sidewalks or hand elevators, shall have an artificial traveling gas or electric light attached to the car and be maintained in good working condition.

(k) All power-driven elevators hereafter constructed or installed shall have at least two hoisting cables for the cage and two cables for each counterweight. The lifting and counterweight cables shall have at least one full turn of the cable on the drum when the car has run its limit.

(1) It shall be unlawful to change a hand-hoist to a power-driven elevator or to connect an electric motor or any other power appliance to the hand-elevator machinery without the consent of the local or State Building Commissioner.

(m) All elevators, except hand elevators operated by a pulley rope, and sidewalk ram or chain-hoist elevators, and elevators used in tunnels for freight service only, shall be equipped with a safety speed governor.

(n) Where ropes or cables are used to operate safety devices, a sufficient weight shall be properly attached to the same in such a manner as to insure the necessary tension on such ropes or cables for proper performance of the safety devices.

(0) All elevators propelled by electric power shall be provided with an additional device not operated by a link-belt or sprocket chain which will automatically stop the elevator machinery when the car has reached its limit of travel. It shall be unlawful to construct or maintain any elevator equipped with a sprocket chain or link-belt device or devices connecting the operating device and controller.

(p) An emergency switch which will disconnect the current shall be provided in all passenger elevators which are operated by an electric controller car switch, and such cars shall be so constructed that they will automatically stop when the current is disconnected.

(q) The under-side of the floors or other parts of a building which project into passenger elevator shafts shall be equipped with a smooth steel guard curved and sloped from the enclosure of said elevator to the edge of such projection for the width of the door to such elevator car and the slope of the guard plate shall not be less than 60 degrees with the horizon.

(r) The provisions of this section requiring the equipment of elevators with safety devices shall not apply to any hand-hoist elevator or hoist used solely for hoisting materials or tools in any building in course of construction; but the local or State Building Commissioner shall make such reasonable requirements as he may deem necessary for public safety in the operation of such elevators or hoists.

463. INSPECTION.] (a) Every elevator now in operation or which may be hereafter installed, together with the hoistway and all equipment thereof, shall be inspected under and by the authority of the local or State Building Commissioner at least once every six months, and in no case shall any new elevator be placed in operation until an inspection of the same has been made.

(b) It shall be the duty of every owner or agent, lessee or occupant, of any building wherein any elevator is installed and the person in charge or control of any elevator to permit the making of a test and inspection of such elevator and of all devices used in connection therewith upon demand being made by the local or State Building Commissioner or by a duly authorized elevator inspector, within not less than five days after such demand has been made.

(c) Whenever any such elevator has been inspected and the tests in this Act required shall have been made of all safety devices with which such elevator is required to be equipped, and the result of such inspection and tests shows such elevator to be in good condition, satisfactory to the local or State Building Commissioner, it shall be the duty of the local or State Building Commissioner to issue or cause to be issued a certificate setting forth the result of such inspection and tests, and containing the date of inspection, the weight which such elevator will safely carry and a statement to the effect that the shaft doors, hoistways and all equipment, including safety devices, are constructed in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

(d) It shall be the duty of the owner, agent, lessee, or occupant of the building in which such elevator is located, and of each person in charge or control of such elevator to frame the certificate of inspection and place the same in a conspicuous place in such elevator.

(e) The words "safe condition" in this section shall mean that it is safe for any load up to the amount of weight named in such certificate. No elevator shall be loaded in excess of the amount stated in said certificate.

(f) Where the result of such inspection or tests shall show such elevator to be in an unsafe condition or in bad repair, or shall show that any of the safety devices which are required by this Act have not been installed, or if installed are not in good working order or in good repair, such certificate shall not be issued until such elevator, its hoistway and its equipment or such device or devices shall have been put in good working order, satisfactory to the local or State Building Commissioner.

464. POWER OF COMMISSIONER TO STOP OPERATION OF ELEVATORS.] (a) Whenever any building or elevator inspector or other person finds any passenger or freight elevator or any of its parts or automatic devices or other equipment out of order, or in an unsafe condition, the inspector or other person shall immediately report the same to the local or State Building Commis