6. At $1.12 a foot, what cost 324 feet of wire fence?

OPERATION.

8) 324

40.5 $364.5

ANALYSIS.--At $1 a foot, the cost would be $324; but since the cost is $1 + $3, the entire cost is $324 + of $324, which is $364.50.

7. At $1.33 each, what will 642 steel shovels cost?

8. What cost 320 cloth caps, at $1.20 each ?

314. To find the quantity when the cost is given, and the price is an aliquot part of one dollar.

1. How many barrels, at $.50 each, can be bought for $213?

OPERATION.

$213 $1426 Or, 213 x 2 = 426

for 213 times 2, or 426 barrels.

ANALYSIS. Since $ will pay for 1 barrel, $213 will pay for as many barrels as $ is contained times in $213, or 426 barrels. Or, since $1 will pay for 2 barrels, $213 will pay

2. How many baskets of pears can be bought for $318, at $.33 each? At $.50 each?

3. How many pine-apples can be bought for $240, at 16 cents each? At 20 cents? At 25 cents?

RULE.-Divide the cost by such a fraction as will express the price as an aliquot part of one dollar.

4. How many pounds of cheese can be bought for $350, at 61 cents a pound? At 84? 10 cents? 12 cents? 5. How many cocoa-nuts, at $.25, can be bought for $150.75 ?

315. To find the cost when the quantity and the price of 100, or 1000 are given.

1. What cost 564 cedar posts, at $12.25 for 100 posts?

1ST OPERATION.

$12.25
564

100) 6909.00
$69.09

2D OPERATION.

$12.25 × 5.64 $69.09

ANALYSIS.-At $12.25 a post, the cost would be $12.25 × 564 = $6909. But since $12.25 is the price of 100 posts, $6909 is 100 times the cost. Hence divide by 100 (296, Note 4), and the result is $69.09. Or,

Since 564 is 5 and 64 hundredths (5.64), if 1 hundred cost $12.25, 5.64 will cost 5.64 times $12.25, or $69.09.

If the price is by the thousand, divide the product by 1000, or reduce the quantity to thousands and decimals of a thousand before multiplying.

2. What is the cost of 1684 pounds of beef, at $9.374 a hundred pounds?

3. What cost 22840 railroad ties, at $174.55 a thousand? 4. How much is the freight on 4575 pounds of merchandise from New York to Baltimore, at $.98 for 100 pounds?

RULE.-Multiply the price by the quantity reduced to hundreds and decimals of a hundred, or to thousands and decimals of a thousand, and point off in the product as in multiplication of decimals.

In business transactions, the letter C is sometimes used for hundreds, and M for thousands, when the price is by the 100, or 1000.

What is the cost,

5. Of 536720 bricks, at $8.75 per M.?

6. Of 2108 feet of pine boards, at $3.12 per C.?

7. Of 2700 pine-apples, at $161 per 100?

8. Of 875 feet of scantling, at $10 per M.?

9. Of 2160 oysters, at $1.86 per 100?

10. Of 3080 fence pickets, at $5 per 1000? 11. Of 28642 feet of timber, at $11 per M.? 12. Of 1480 pounds of maple sugar, at $12.37 per 100? 13. What is the value of 3700 cedar rails, at $5 per C.? 14. What is the value of 12500 shingles, at $63 per M.? 15. Find the cost of 527 feet of boards at $15 per M.. and of 972 feet of siding at $1.62 per C.

316. To find the cost, when the quantity and the price of a ton of 2000 pounds are given.

1. What is the cost of a load of hay, weighing 2280 pounds, at $18.50 a ton?

OPERATION.

2) 18.50 $9.25

2.28 $21.09

ANALYSIS.

Since $18.50 is the cost of 2000, of $18.50, or $9.25 is the cost of 1000 pounds; and 2280 pounds will cost 2.280 times $9.25, or $21.09.

2. At $4.75 a ton, what will a load of plaster weighing 2806 pounds cost?

3. What is the freight on 21672 pounds of iron, at $2.80 a ton?

RULE.-Multiply one-half the price of a ton by the number of thousands and decimals of a thousand in the given quantity, as in 315.

4. What is the value of 150 sacks of guano, each sack containing 162 pounds, at $51 a ton?

5. Find the value of 6340 pounds of Lehigh coal, at $7 a ton, and 5080 pounds of soft coal at $61 a ton.

6. At $26.44 a ton, what will be the cost of 1526 pounds of bone dust?

LEDGER ACCOUNTS.

317. A Ledger is the principal book of accounts kept by business men. Into it are transferred, in a condensed form, all the items of the Journal, or Day Book, for convenient reference and preservation.

318. The debits (marked Dr.) are placed on the left, and the credits (marked Cr.) are placed on the right.

319. The Balance of an Account is the difference between the debit and credit sides. When this is settled, or paid, the account is said to be balanced. 320. Find the balance of the following Ledger Ac

ACCOUNTS AND BILLS.

321. An Account, in commercial transactions, is a record of debits and credits.

322. A Debtor is a person who owes another money, goods, or services.

323. A Creditor is a person to whom money, goods, or services are due from another.

324. A Bill is a written statement of money paid, of goods sold or delivered, or of services rendered. It is sometimes called an Invoicc.

An account or bill should always state the place and the time of each transaction, the names of both the parties, the price or value of each item, and the entire cost.

325. A Bill is receipted when the words "Received Payment" are written at the bottom, and the creditor's name is signed either by himself, or by some authorized person.

@

326. The following abbreviations are in general use: Discount. Net Without disc't.

At. Disc't

The character @ is always followed by the price of a unit. Thus, 5 yd. of cloth @ $3.25, signifies, 5 yards of cloth at $3.25 a yard; lb. of tea @ $.90, signifies a pound of tea at $.90 per pound.