2. Divide 358 A. 57 P. 6 sq. yd. 2 sq. ft. by 7. 4. Divide 282 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. 1 pt. by 9; by 10; by 12. When the divisor is large, and is a composite number, the work may be shortened by dividing successively by its factors. 5. Divide 254 yd. 4 ft. 34 in. by 21; by 42. 6. Divide 196 Cd. 4 cd. ft. 12 cu. ft. by 72. 7. How many iron rails, each 16 ft. long, are required to say a railroad track 26 mi. long? 8. Divide 24 sq. mi. 140 P., by 221. 9. Divide 202 yd. 1 ft. 6 in. by . 10. Divide 336 bu. 3 pk. 4 qt. by 4 bu. 3 pk. 2 qt. Reduce both dividend and divisor to the same denomination, and divide as in simple numbers. 11. How many boxes, each holding 1 bu. 1 pk. 7 qt., can be filled from 356 bu. 3 pk. 5 qt. of cranberries? 12. Divide 311 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt. by 53. OPERATION. 53)311 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt. (5 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. 13. The aggregate weight of 41 hhd. of sugar is 19 T. 5 cwt. 22 lb. What is the average weight? 14. If a town 4 mi. square be equally divided into 62 farms, how much land will each farm contain? LONGITUDE AND TIME. 445. The Longitude of a place is its distance east or west from a given meridian, measured on the equator. The meridian from which longitude is reckoned is called the first meridian, and is marked 0°. All places east of this, within 180°, are in east longitude, and all places west, within 180°, are in west longitude. The English and Americans usually reckon longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, England; the French, from Paris. 446. Since the earth revolves on its axis once in 24 hours, the sun appears to pass from east to west around the earth, or through 360° of longitude once in 24 hours of time. Hence in 1 hour the sun appears to pass through of 360°, or 15°; in 1 minute, through of 15°, or 15'; and in 1 second, through of 15', or 15". 1. Since the sun appears to move from east to west, when it is 12 o'clock at one place, it will be past 12 o'clock at all places east, and before 12 at all places west. Hence, knowing the difference of time between two places, and the exact time at one of them, the exact time at the other is found by adding their difference to the given time, if it is east, and by subtracting, if it is west. 2. If one place is in east and the other in west longitude, the difference of longitude is found by adding them, and if the sum is greater than 180°, by subtracting it from 360°. 447. 1. The earth revolves on its axis once in every 24 hr. What part of a revolution does it make in 12 hr.? 2. How many degrees of the earth's surface pass under the sun's rays in 24 hr.? In 12 hr.? In 4 hr.? In 1 hr.? 3. How many degrees of longitude cause a difference of 1 hr. in time? 2 hr.? 3 hr.? 4. When it is 6 o'clock at Chicago, what is the hour 15° east of Chicago? 15° west of Chicago? 5. When it is noon in New York, what is the hour 15° east of New York? 30° west of N. Y.? 6. When it is 3 o'clock at Washington, what is the time 15° 15' east of Washington? 30° 30' west? 7. What difference of longitude causes a difference of 1 hr. in time? Of 1 minute? Of 1 second? 8. If the difference in the time of Boston and of St. Louis is 1 hr. 15 min., what is the difference in their longitude? 9. A man left New Orleans and traveled until his watch was 1 hr. 2 min. too fast. How far had he traveled, and in what direction? 10. Two persons, at different points, observe an eclipse of the moon; one seeing it at 94 P. M., and the other at midnight. What is the difference in their longitude? 11. A tourist leaves home at 12 M. on Monday, and on Saturday finds his watch 1 hr. 15 min. slow. In what direction has he been traveling? How far? 12. A and B start from opposite points and travel towards each other. When they meet, A's watch is 40 min. slow and B's 1 hr. fast. How far apart are the two points of starting, and in what direction did each travel? 448. To find the difference of longitude between two places, when the difference of time is known. 1. When it is 9 o'clock at Washington, it is 7 min. 4 sec. past 8 o'clock at St. Louis. Find the diff. of longitude. Since 4 min. of time make a difference of 1° of long., and 4 sec. of time a difference of 1' of long., there will be of long. as there are minutes of time, and as long. as there are seconds of time. as many degrees many minutes of 2. The difference in the time of Washington and of St. Petersburgh is 7 hr. 9 min. 19 sec. What is the difference in their longitudes? 3. When it is 12 o'clock M. at Rochester, N. Y., it is 9 hr. 1 min. 37 sec. A. M. at San Francisco. The long. of Rochester being 77° 51′ W., what is the long. of the latter? RULE.-Multiply the difference of time expressed in hours, minutes, and seconds by 15; the product will be the difference of longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Or, Reduce the difference of time to minutes and seconds, then divide by 4; the quotient will be the difference of longitude in degrees and minutes. 4. Noon comes 1 br. 5 min. 42 sec. sooner at Quebec than at Chicago, whose longitude is 87° 37' 45". What is the longitude of Quebec? 5. When the days and nights are of equal length, and it is noon on the first meridian, on what meridian is it then sunrise? Sunset? Midnight ? 449. The following table of the Longitude of places is compiled from the Records of the U. S. Coast Survey. Albany...... Ann Arbor.... Astoria, Or.. Boston.... 73° 44′ 50′′ W. | New York....... 74° 3′ W. 83° 43' W. New Orleans.. 90° 2' 30" W. 71° 3' 30" W. Berlin.. 13° 23′ 45′′ E. Bombay..... 72° 54' E. Cincinnati.. 84° 29′ 31′′ W. Chicago. 87° 37′ 45′′ W. Cambridge, Mass. 71° 7′ 40′′ W. Jefferson City, Mo. 92° 8' Mexico.... .. 99° 5' 450. To find the W. W. Washington, DC. 77° 0' 15" W. difference of time between two places, when their longitudes are given. 1. Find the diff. in the time of Cinn. and of St. Paul. and 15", a difference of 1 sec. of time (446), there are as many hours, minutes, and seconds of time as there are degrees, minutes, and seconds of longitude, |