ADDITION TABLE. [It is not necessary that this table should be committed to memory, so as to repeat it wholly out of the book. This would be indeed a tedious task. When the pupil can read the two first columns, viz. 2 and 6, 2 and 3, 2 and 7, &c., and cover the third, viz. 8, 5, 9, &c., and recite it readily, it will be sufficiently committed.] 815 and 9 are 148 and 11 are 19/11 and 6 are 17 12 3 7 12 4 9 115 12 5 8 105 12 145 1. EXAMPLES. What is the amount of 3406, 7980, 345, and 27? Tens of Thous, Thousands, Units. Tens. Hundreds. 3.406 2 7 Here we begin by writing down the several numbers, units under units, tens under tens, &c. Then draw a line under them. We now commence adding at the foot of the right hand column, and say 7 and 5 five are 12, and 6 are 18. This exceeding ten, we write 7.980 down the right hand figure 8 under 345 the column of units, and carry one to the next column; and say, 1 and 2 are 3, and 4 are 7, and 8 are 15. We write down 5 at the foot of the column, and proceed to the next; 1 and 3 are 4, and 9 are 13, and 4 are 17. We write down in the same way the right hand figure, 7, under Total amount, 1 1 Amount with the upper 7 58 8.35 2 line cut off, its column; and carrying 1 to the next, say 1 and 7 are 8, and 3 are 11. This being the last column, we write down the whole amount, 11, and find the sum total to be 11.758. The method of proof is sufficiently explained. 8. What is the amount of three 12. What is the amount of three hundred and sixty-five, eight hun-hundred, seventy five, two, fortydred and seven, five hundred and seven, thirty-three, nine thousand sixty, twenty-five, thirty-seven, and seven hundred and eighty-four, one hundred one? Ans. 1895. twenty thousand one hundred and fifty, seven hundred and sixty-five thousand and ninety-one, and one million seventy-five thousand and forty-seven? Ans. 1.870.529. 9. The hind quarters of a cow 13. Add seventy-five millions weigh one hundred and three nine hundred, and sixty thousand pounds each; the fore quarters eight hundred, two hundred and weigh ninety-seven pounds each; twenty-five thousand, and one hunthe hide sixty-three pounds, and dred and forty together. the tallow fifty-six pounds; what is the whole weight of the cow ? Ans. 519 pounds. Ans. 76.185.940. 10. A man has four farms; the 14. What is the sum of four first is worth two thousand seven thousand and twenty-five, seventyhundred and twenty-five dollars five thousand six hundred, eight the second is worth three thousand hundred thousand four hundred and eight hundred and nineteen dol-fifty, five millions three hundred lars; the third is worth one thou and ten thousand, thirty millions sand six hundred and ten dollars; seven hundred and twenty, and the fourth is worth five hundred nine hundred fifty millions? and twelve dollars; what are they Ans. 986.190.795. all worth? Ans. 8.666 dollars. 11. A man possesses a tract of 15. What is the sum of one milland, which contains forty-nine lion five hundred thousand, three thousand eight hundred and thirty-hundred and eleven thousand, ninefive acres; suppose he had sixty thousand six hundred and ten, tracts of equal dimensions, how fifty thousand and forty-five. many acres would, the whole contain? Ans. 299.010. Ans. 1.951.655 REMARKS. As it is of great consequence in business to perform addition readily and exactly, the learner ought to practice it till it become quite familiar. If the learner can readily add any two digits, he will soon add a digit to a higher number with equal It is only to add the unit place of that number to the digit, and if it exceed ten, it raises the amount accordingly. Thus, because 8 and 6 are 14, 48 and 6 are 54. It will be proper to mark down under the sums of each column, in a small hand, the figure that is carried to the next column. This prevents the trouble of ease. going over the whole operation again, in case of interruption or mistake. If you want to keep the account clean, mark down the sum and figure you carry on a separate paper, and after revising them, transcribe the sum only. After some practice, we ought to acquire the habit of adding two or more figures at one glance. This is particularly useful when two figures which amount to 10, as 6 and 4, or 7 and 3, stand together in the column. Every operation in arithmetick ought to be revised to prevent mistakes ; and as one is apt to fall into the same mistake if he revise it in the same manner he performed it, it is proper either to alter the order, or else to trace back the steps by which the operation advanced, which will lead us at last to the number we began with. SUBTRACTION. SUBTRACTION teaches to take a less number from a greater, to find a third, shewing the inequality, excess or difference between the given numbers. The greater number is called the Minuend; the lesser number is called the Subtrahend. The difference between them, or what is left after subtraction is made, is called the Remainder. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION Teaches to find the difference between any two numbers, which are of a like kind. RULE. Place the larger number uppermost, and the less underneath, so that units may stand under units, tens under tens, &c.; then drawing a line underneath, begin with the units, and subtract the lower from the upper figure, and set down the remainder; but if the lower figure be greater than the upper, add ten to the upper, and subtract the lower figure therefrom: The difference 22. What is Subtraction? -23. What is the minuend?- -24. What is the subtrahend? -25. What is the remainder ?-26. How do you proceed in subtracting simple numbers ? C being set down, you must add one to the lower figure of the next column, for that which you borrowed; and thus proceed through the whole. PROOF. Add the remainder and the less number together; if the work be right, the amount will be equal to the greater number: Or, subtract the remainder from the greater sum, and the difference, will be equal to the less. From 3724 Minuend Take 2583 Subtrahend 1141 Remainder Proof 3724 EXAMPLES. The operation of this example is very plain. The two sums being written down according to the rule, we draw a line underneath, and begin at the right hand figure, say-3 from 4 leaves 1, which we set down-in the next column, the subtrahend (8) being greater than the minuend, we add 10 to the upper figure, making it 12, and say, 8 from 12 there remain 4, which is written down. We now carry 1 to the next column, for that which we just borrowed, and say, 1 to five is 6, and 6 from 7 leaves 1, which we put down; and in the next column, taking 2 from 3, leaves 1, which we write down, and the work is done.The method of proof will be extremely easy to the learner. |