GRAND JURY, criminal accusations by, 309. presentments by, are privileged, 442 n. GRANTS, are contracts, and inviolable, 274. by States, cannot be resumed, 274, 275, n. of franchises, strict construction of, 195, 394-396. to municipal bodies, may be recalled, 276. GREAT BRITAIN, how it became a constitutional government, 3, n., 50, n. control over American colonies, 5, 23-25. habeas corpus act of, 23, 344. bills of attainder in, 260, 261. money bills to originate in the Commons, 132, n. prosecutions for libel in, 427, 460-462. GUARDIANS, (See PARLIAMENT.) special statutes authorizing sales by, 97–106. propriety of judicial action in such cases, 97. control of ward by, 340. appointment of, in divorce suits, 405. authority of, is local, 405, n. GUNPOWDER, police regulations concerning, 595. H. HABEAS CORPUS, writ of, a principal protection to personal liberty, 338, 342. restraints upon, to prevent or punish crime, &c., 339. of parent and child, 340. of guardian and ward, 340. of master and apprentice, 340. of master and servant, 341. of creditor and debtor, 341. insecurity of, formerly, in England, 342, 343. habeas corpus act, and its purpose, 23, 344. general provisions of, 344, 345. adoption of, in America, 345. writ of, when to be issued by national courts, 345, 346. generally to issue from State courts, 346. return to, where prisoner held under national authority, 347. not to be made a writ of error, 347. HARBOR REGULATIONS, establishment of, by the States, 585. HARDSHIP, of particular cases not to control the law, 71, 72, n. unjust provisions not necessarily unconstitutional, 72, 73, 513. right to, in judicial proceedings, 361, 402-406. police regulations for protection of, 584, 595. right to modify, 359. HIGH SEAS, not subject to exclusive appropriation, 2. States no authority upon, 128. HIGHWAYS, establishment of, under right of eminent domain, 524. when owner entitled to compensation in such case, 564. appropriation of, to purposes of turnpike, railroad, &c., whether it (See EMINENT DOMAIN.) regulations of, by States under police power, 588, 594. control of husband over wife, 339. obligation of husband to support wife, 339, n. right as between, to custody of children, 348. property rights, how far subject to legislative control, 360, 361. IDEM SONANS, ballots sufficient in cases of, 608. I. IDIOTS, exclusion of, from suffrage, 599. special legislative authority for sale of lands of, 97-106, 389. have no obligation, 286. legalization of, 293, 374–377. for lobby legislative services, 136, and n. ILLINOIS, legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. when statutes of, to take effect, 156. title to bill to express the object, 142, n. protection of property by law of the land, 352, n. liberty of speech and the press in, 416. religious tests forbidden, 469, n. persons conscientiously opposed to bearing arms excused, 478, n. of citizens of the several States, 15, 16, 397. citizens not to be deprived of, 11. IMPAIRING CONTRACTS, IMPEACHMENT, (See OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS.) of judges for declaring law unconstitutional, 160. amendments by, not favored, 152. grant of powers by, in State constitutions, 63, 64. IMPLIED POWERS, of municipal corporations, what are, 194-209. IMPLIED PROHIBITIONS, to the States by the national Constitution, 18. IMPORTS, State taxation of, 586, 587. IMPOSTS, to be uniform throughout the Union, 10. what the States may lay, 15. taxation by, 495. IMPRESSMENT OF SEAMEN, not admissible in America, 299. IMPRISONMENT, for legislative contempt must terminate with the session, 134. IMPROVEMENTS, owner of land cannot be compelled to make, 385, 532. IMPROVEMENTS, — continued. betterment laws, 385-389. local, assessments for the making of, 497-510. INCHOATE RIGHTS, power of the legislature in regard to, 359–361. by change in the law, give no claim to compensation, 384. INCOMPETENT PERSONS, legislative authority for sale of lands of, 97–106, 389. INCONTINENCE, accusation of, against female, not actionable, per se, 423, 424. statutory provisions respecting, 424. INCORPORATIONS, charters of private, are contracts, 279. charters of municipal, are not, 192, 276. control of, by police regulations, 577–579. (See CHARTERS; MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.) INDEBTEDNESS BY STATE, prohibition of, whether it precludes debts by towns, counties, &c., 217, 218. sale of, may be prohibited, 596. parties not free to make, 422. INDEMNIFICATION, of officers of municipal corporation where liability is incurred in supposed power of legislature to compel, 211. not to be made in case of refusal to perform duty, 212. INDEMNITY, for property taken for public use. (See EMINENT DOMAIN.) for consequential injuries occasioned by exercise of legal rights, 384. declaration of, by Continental Congress, 6. new national government established by, 6. celebration of, at public expense, 211. of the traverse jury, 320. of the bar, 334, 335, n., 337, n. INDIANA, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 98, n. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. when laws to take effect without governor's signature, 154, n. revenue bills to originate in lower house, 132, n. privileges of members, 134, n. prohibition of special laws where general can be made applicable, 129, n. title of acts to express the object, 142. liberty of the press in, 416, n. INDIANA, - continued. religious tests for office forbidden, 469, n. exemption from bearing arms of persons conscientiously opposed, 478, n. INDICTMENT, criminal accusations to be by, 309. trial on defective, 272, n., 327. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, (See CRIMES.) provisions for protection of, in State constitutions, 35, 36. in national Constitution, 256-259. do not owe their origin to constitutions, 36, 37. INELIGIBILITY, (See PERSONAL LIBERTY.) of highest candidate, how to affect election, 620. excluded from suffrage, 29, 30, 599. special statutes authorizing sale of lands of, 97-106, 389. emancipation of, 340. control of, by masters, guardians, and teachers, 340, 341. duty of, to pass upon constitutional questions, 162, n. INFORMALITIES, right to take advantage of, may be taken away by legislation, 370-383. do not defeat jurisdiction of court, 408. waiver of, in legal proceedings, 409. INHABITANT, meaning of, in election laws, 599, 600. INITIALS, to Christian name of candidate, whether sufficient in ballot, 609. INJUSTICE, of constitutional provisions, cannot be remedied by the court, 72, 73. of statutes, does not render them unconstitutional, 164–168. in taxation, sometimes inevitable, 513. INNOCENCE, of accused parties, presumption of, 309–311. only to be overcome by confession in open court, or verdict, 311. INQUISITORIAL TRIALS, not permitted where the common law prevails, 313. accused parties not compellable to give evidence against themselves, INSANITY, defence of, in criminal cases, 309, n. INSOLVENT LAWS, right of the States to pass, 293, 294. |