LIBERTY OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS,- continued. rule in England, 457, 458. the case of Stockdale v. Hansard, 458, n. publication of speeches by members, 457, 459, 460. the jury as judges of the law in libel cases, 460. Mr. Fox's Libel Act, 462. the early rulings on the subject in America, 462, 463. the truth as a defence when good motives and justifiable ends in the pub- burden of proof on the defendant to show them, 464. that publication was copied from another source is not sufficient, 466. LICENSE, of occupations in general, 596. for ferry across navigable waters, 593. revoking, where a fee was received therefor, 283, n. LICENSE FEES, when are taxes, 201, 495. limited generally to necessary expenses, &c., 201. payment of, to United States, does not give rights as against State laws, LICENSER, of intended publications, 417-419. (See LIBERTY OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS.) action for taking, through negligence, &c., 581. not to be taken but by due process of law, 11, 15, 291, n. of time to apply for compensation for property taken by public, 561. may cut off vested rights, 364–367. opportunity to assert rights must first be given, 365, 366. cannot operate upon party in possession, 366. legislature to determine what is reasonable time, 366. suspension of, 365, n., 391, n. legislature cannot revive demands barred by, 365. legislature may prescribe form for new promise, 293. do not apply to State or nation, 367, n. LIMITATIONS TO LEGISLATIVE POWER, are only such as the people have imposed by their constitutions, 87. LITERARY PRODUCTIONS, copyright to, Congress may provide for, 10. LOBBY SERVICES, contract for, unlawful, 136, and n., 212, n. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT, State constitutions framed in reference to, 35. LOCAL TAXATION, (See TAXATION.) LOCALITY OF PROPERTY, may give jurisdiction to courts, 404, 406. constitutional provisions to prevent, 142–144. laws for observance of, how justified, 476, 477. divorces not to be granted by special laws, 110, n. revenue bills in, 131, n. title of acts to express their object, 142, n. liberty of the press in, 417, n. persons conscientiously opposed to bearing arms excused, 468, n. republication of amended statutes, 152. exclusions from suffrage, 599, n. grant of, did not create constitutional government, 3, n. a declaratory statute, 22, 23, 257. its maxims the interpreters of constitutional grants of power, 175. MAILS, inviolability of, 307, n. MAINE, judges of, to give opinions to legislature, 40. revenue bills to originate in lower house, 132, n. protection of property by law of the land, 352, n. religious tests forbidden in, 469. periodical valuations for taxation, 496. exclusions from suffrage, 599, n. MAJORITY, what constitutes two thirds, 141. what sufficient in elections, 598, n., 614. MALICE, presumption of, from falsity of injurious publications, 422, 455. MANDAMUS, to compel registration of voters, 602. to compel canvassers to perform duty, 623. MANDATORY STATUTES, doctrine of, 74-78. constitutional provisions always mandatory, 78-83, 140, 150. but courts cannot always enforce, 129. MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, whether dams for, can be established under right of eminent domain, MARKETS, State power to regulate, 596. MARRIAGE, validating invalid, by retrospective legislation, 372. statutory regulation of, 319, n. (See DIVORCE; MARRIED WOMEN.) MARRIED WOMEN, exclusion of, from suffrage, 29, 599. statutes enlarging rights of, 61, n. testimony of, in favor of husband, 317, 318, n. invalid deeds of, may be validated by legislature, 377, 378. MARSHES, (See DIVORCE; DOWER.) draining of, and assessments therefor, 510, 511, 533. MARTIAL LAW, when may be declared, 309, n., 319, n. legality of action under, 362, n. danger from, 615. MARYLAND, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 98, n. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. title of acts to express the object, 141, n. protection of property by law of the land, 352, n. liberty of the press in, 415, n. religious liberty in, 468, n., 478, n. republication of amended statutes, 151, n. exclusions from suffrage, 599, n. MASSACHUSETTS, judges of, to give opinions to legislature, 40. divorces in, to be granted by courts, 110, n. revenue bills to originate in lower house, 131, n. protection of property by law of the land, 352, n. liberty of the press in, 414, n. periodical valuations for taxation, 496. exclusions from suffrage, 599, n. MASTER, of apprentice, servant, and scholar, power of, 340, 341. MAXIMS, of government, laws in violation of, 169, 170. for construction of statutes, a statute is to be construed as prospective, and not retrospective, in such an interpretation shall be put upon a law as to uphold it, and words in a statute are presumed to be employed in their natural and contemporary construction is best and strongest in the law, 67-71. he who considers the letter merely, goes but skin deep into the statutes in derogation of the common law are to be construed strictly, an argument drawn from inconvenience is forcible in the law, 67-71. no man can be judge in his own cause, 410-413. consent excuses error, 181, 182, 409. the law does not concern itself about trifles, 520. that to which a party assents is not in law an injury, 181, 182. no man shall be twice vexed for one and the same cause, 47-54. every man's house is his castle, 22, 299. that which was originally void cannot by mere lapse of time become necessity knows no law, 594. so enjoy your own as not to injure that of another, 573. MEANING OF WORDS, (See DEFINITIONS.) MEASURES AND WEIGHTS, regulation of, 596. MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, contested seats of, decided by the house, 133. punishment of, for contempts, &c., 133. power of the houses to expel, 133, 134. exemption of, from arrest, 134. publication of speeches by, 457–460. privilege of, in debate, &c., 445-448. MICHIGAN, right of, to admission to the Union under ordinance of 1787, 28. repeal of acts of Parliament in, 25, n. right of married women to property in, 61, n. special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 98, n. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. privilege of legislators from arrest, 134, n. title of acts to express the object, 142, n. MICHIGAN, - continued. when statutes of, to take effect, 156. protection of property by law of the land, 352, n. religious belief of witness not to be inquired into, 478. MILITARY BOUNTIES, by municipal corporations, when legal, 219–229. when not admissible, 319, n. legislative licenses for sale of lands forbidden, 98, n. judges of, to give opinions to legislature, 40. restrictions upon legislative power in constitution of, 128, n. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 111, n. privileges of members, 134, n. special legislative sessions in, 155, n. title of acts to express the object, 142, n. disqualifications for suffrage, 599, n. |