ENGLAND.

PRELIMINARY GENERAL EXAMINATION.

-Midsummer, 1861.

TUESDAY, June 4th.-Afternoon, 2 to 31.

FRENCH.

Examiner-DR. C. SCHAIBLE.

I. Translate into English:

a. Charles XII était d'une taille avantageuse et noble; il avait un très-beau front, de grands yeux bleus remplis de douceur, un nez bien formé ; mais le bas du visage désagréable, trop souvent défiguré par un rire fréquent qui ne partait que des lèvres; presque point de barbe ni de cheveux: il parlait très-peu, et ne répondait souvent que par ce rire dont il avait pris l'habitude."

b. “On observait à sa table un silence profond. Il avait conservé dans l'inflexibilité de son caractère cette timidité qu'on nomme mauvaise honte; il eût été embarrassé dans une conversation, parce que, s'étant donné tout entier aux travaux et à la guerre, il n'avait jamais connu la société.”

C. "Il n'avait lu jusqu'à son loisir chez les Turcs que les Commentaires de César et l'histoire d'Alexandre; mais il avait écrit quelques réflexions sur la guerre, et sur ses campagnes depuis 1700 jusqu'à 1709; il l'avoua au chevalier de Folard, et lui dit que ce manuscrit avait été perdu à la malheureuse journée de Pultava."

d. "Quelques personnes ont voulu faire passer ce prince pour un bon mathématicien; il avait sans doute beaucoup de pénétration dans l'esprit, mais la preuve que l'on donne de ses connaissances en mathématiques n'est pas bien concluante."

e. "Il voulait changer la manière de compter par dizaine, et il proposait à la place le nombre soixante-quatre, parce que ce nombre contenait à la fois un cube et un carré, et qu'étant divisé par deux, il était enfin réductible à l'unité. Cette idée prouvait seulement qu'il aimait en tout l'extraordinaire et le difficile.”—Voltaire, Charles XII.

II. Grammatical Questions on the above passages :—

(N.B.-The following Questions may be answered in French.)

1. State the genders of the following nouns occurring in paragraphs (a) and (b), and write them with the definite article: yeux, douceur, lèvre, barbe, cheveux, habitude, inflexibilité, timidité, honte, travaux.

2. Give the feminine of très-beau, bleus, formé, fréquent, in paragraph (a).

3. Form adverbs from the following adjectives in paragraphs (a) and (b): avantageuse, noble, fréquent, profond, entier.

4. Parse the following verbs contained in paragraphs (c) (d) and (e):-Lu,écrit, avoua, dit, perdu, voulu, faire, donne, contenait, divisé. 5. State with what the following participles in paragraphs (a) and (b) agree-remplis, formé, pris, conservé, embarrassé, connu.

1. Define force and resultant. When may a force be said to be known? The greatest and least resultants of two forces which act upon a particle are 7 lbs. and 3 lbs; find the forces.

2. Explain clearly what is meant by the weight of a body. A cubic inch of iron is suspended by a spiral spring and the consequent elongation of the spring observed. If the experiment be repeated at the Equator, would the elongation be the same or different? Give your reasons.

3. Enunciate the parallelogram of forces.

Two forces acting on

a particle at right angles to one another have a resultant 5 lbs. ; one of the forces is 4 lbs., find the other.

4. What is meant by "mechanical advantage ?" Under what circumstances does it exist in the lever?

5. A straight uniform lever, whose length is 6 feet and weight 40 lbs., rests in equilibrium on a fulcrum, when a weight of 8 lbs. is suspended from one extremity. Find the position of the fulcrum, 4 and the pressure on it.

6. What is meant by the centre of gravity of a body? Show that a body can have only one centre of gravity.

Why does a person rising from a chair bend his body forward, (§5, 2 and draw his legs backward?

7. Distinguish between accelerating force and moving force. Explain what is meant by saying, the accelerating force of gravity =32.2.

8. State and illustrate the three laws of motion.

9. Describe one of the following machines :—

(a.) Hunter's Screw.

(b.) The Common Pump.
(c.) Bramah's Press.

ENGLAND.

PRELIMINARY GENERAL EXAMINATION.-Midsummer, 1861.

TUESDAY, June 4th.-Afternoon, 3 to 5.

BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY.

Examiner-EDWIN LANKESTER, M.D., F.R.S.

I. BOTANY.

1. By what characters are the three classes of plants, Exogens, Endogens, and Acrogens, distinguished?

2. Define the Exogenous groups, Thalamifloræ, Calycifloræ, Corolliflora, Monochlamydeæ.

3. How do the orders Solanaceæ, Scrophulariaceæ, Lamiaceæ, and Boraginaceæ agree with each other in structure; in what do they differ, and what are their properties?

4. What are the characters of the order Cruciferæ, and what are the useful plants belonging to it?

5. Describe shortly the structure and properties of the following plants:-Monkshood, Parsley, Borage, Chicory, Chickweed, Bay, Laburnum, and Meadow Saffron.

II. ZOOLOGY.

1. Give the distinguishing characters of the principal groups of animals; viz., Protozoa, Celenterata, Annulosa, Mollusca, Vertebrata.

2. How are fishes distinguished amongst the Vertebrate animals?

3. How are the Crustacea distinguished amongst Annulose animals; and what forms are comprehended under the Podophthalmatous, or Stalk-eyed group?

4. What are the principal differences in structure between Man and the highest Quadrumana ?

5. To what classes, orders, and families do the following animals belong?-the horse, the lion, the seal, the porpoise, the rat, the weasel, the eagle, the ostrich, the house sparrow, the dodo, the blindworm, the crocodile, the icthyosaurus, the turbot, the whitebait, the shrimp, the housefly, the wasp, the garden snail, the tapeworm, the leech, the sea anemone, the red coral, the sponge.