Εικόνες σελίδας
PDF
Ηλεκτρ. έκδοση

Art.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

Page

143

[ocr errors]

143

297. Perpendiculars are drawn from a point P to two given lines, and the distance between the feet of the perpendiculars is constant, to find the locus of P. 298. A given line moves between two given lines, to find the locus of a given point in the moving line 299. To find a point P without a given line, such that the lines drawn from P to the extremities of the given line shall make one angle double of the other 144 300. Four problems producing loci of the second order, not worked 301. From the extremities of the axis major of an ellipse, lines are drawn to the ends of an ordinate, to find the locus of their intersection

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

302. To find the locus of the centres of all the circles drawn tangential to a given line, and passing through a given point

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

305. To trace the locus of the equation y = ±(6-x) √√√..

306. The Witch of Agnesi, y=±2a

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
[ocr errors]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[ocr errors][merged small]

308. To trace the locus of the equation a y2=x3+mx2 + n x+p. The semi

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

311. To trace the locus of the equation x y2+ a2y=nx+p 312, 3. The conchoid of Nicomedes,

[blocks in formation]

314. The Lemniscata, (x2 + y2)2 = a2 (x2 — y2); r2 = a2 cos. 20 315. Another Lemniscata

316. To trace the locus of the equation y2-bxx√ b2 — x2

[ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

317. To find a point P, such that the rectangle of the distances from P to two given points shall be constant

[ocr errors]

318. To trace the locus of the equation y + x2 y2+2y3+x3=0 by the introduction of a third variable u

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

319. To trace the locus of the equation y5 — 5 a x2 y2+x3=0
320. To find the locus of the middle point of a line whose two extremities move
along given circumferences. Application to the steam-engine
322, 3. The number of independent constants in a complete equation of the nth
n+3

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]

324. Example of a conic section passing through four given points .
326. If the sum of the indices of x and y be the same in every term, the loci are

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

CHAPTER XIII.

ON THE INTERSECTION OF ALGEBRAIC CURVES.

Art.

Page

[ocr errors]

331. There may be n intersections between a straight line and a line of the nth order

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]
[ocr errors]

175

332. There may be m n intersections between two lines of the mth and яth orders; exceptions

[ocr errors]

333. Method of drawing a curve to pass through the points of intersection, and thereby to avoid elimination

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

334. Example. From a given point without an ellipse, to draw a tangent to it. Generally to any conic section

[ocr errors]

336-7. To draw a normal to a parabola from any point
338. The construction of equations by means of curves
339. To construct the equation y+py3+qy2+ry+s=0 by means of a
circle and parabola

[ocr errors]

340. To construct the roots of the equation +83 + 23 x2 + 3 2 x + 16 = 0
341. The construction of equations of the third order. Examples
342. To find two mean proportionals between two given lines
343. To find a cube double of a given cube

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

344. To find any number of mean proportionals between two given lines
345. Newton's construction of equations by means of the conchoid
346, 7. General use of these constructions

CHAPTER XIV.

TRANSCENDENTAL CURVES.

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

348, 9. Definition of Transcendental curves; Mechanical curves

350. The Logarithmic curve, y = u*

351. The Catenary, y=}( e* +e=")

[blocks in formation]

352. Trace the locus of the equation y=a*. 353. Trace the locus of the equation y=x. the letter B should be placed on the axis A Y, where the curve

to this curve ;

cuts that axis

354. The curve of sines, y sin. x .

355. The locus of the equation y=x tan. x. The figure belongs to Art. 352. The correct figure is given in the Errata

[blocks in formation]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][ocr errors]

+ √2a x − x2

a

. 185

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Art.

360. The Epitrochoid, which becomes the Epicycloid when m = 1

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

Page

[blocks in formation]

363. The involute of the circle; the figure is not correct. See Errata.

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

368, 9. Spirals approaching to Asymptotic circles, (~ — b) 0 = a ; 0 √ a r — r2=b. 194 370. Spirals formed by twisting a curve round a circle

:a

[ocr errors]

371. The Logarithmic Spiral, ra
372. Tracing a curve from its polar equation ra sin. 24
373. Investigating a question by means of polar co-ordinates

194

. 195

195 . 196

PART II.

APPLICATION OF ALGEBRA TO SOLID GEOMETRY.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

Art.

[ocr errors]

Page

197

197

If A B be

198

[ocr errors]

374. The system of co-ordinates in one plane not sufficient for surfaces
375. The position of a point referred to three co-ordinate planes
376, 7, 8. The projection of a straight line on a plane is a straight line.
the line, its projection on a plane or line is A B cos.
379. The projection of the diagonal of a parallelogram on a straight line is equal to
the sum of the projections of the two sides upon the same straight line
380. The projection of any plane area, A, on a plane, is A cos. 6

198

[ocr errors]

200

CHAPTER II.

THE POINT AND STRAIGHT LINE.

381. The equations to a point,

[ocr errors][merged small]

x = a, y = b, z = c; or (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + (≈ − c)2 = 0 382, 3. The algebraical signs of the co-ordinates determined. Equations corre

sponding to various positions of points

384. Two of the projections of a point being given, the third is known

385. To find the distance of a point from the origin,

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

386, 7. If a, ß, y, be the three angles which a straight line through the origin makes with the co-ordinate axis,

[blocks in formation]

389. The equations to the straight line,

x = a z + a, y = ßz + b, y 392-5. Equations to the line corresponding to various values of a, ß, a, b. 396. To find the point where a straight line meets the co-ordinate planes

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
[ocr errors]

Art.

398. The equations to a line through a given point (x1 Y1 Z1),

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

399. The equations to a line through two given points (x1 Y1 Z1) (X2 Y2 Z2),

Page

205

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][subsumed]

400. The equations to a line parallel to x = az + a, y = ßz+ b, are x = az + a', y = ßz + b'.

401. If two straight lines intersect, the relation among the coefficients is - α),

(al- a) (B'

B) = (bl - b) (al

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors]

402. The angles which a straight line makes with the co-ordinate axes,

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

207

207

(cos. lx)2 + (cos. l y)2 + (cos. 1 z)2 = 1. 403. The cosine of the angle between two straight lines,

[ocr errors]

aa + B B+ 1

2

√ (1+ a2+ B2) √ (1 + a2 2 + ßl 2

cos. lx cos. lx + cos. ly cos. l'y + cos. Iz cos. l'z.

405. If the lines are perpendicular to each other,

[merged small][ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

207

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

407. To find the equation to a straight line passing through a given point (x1 y1 ≈1), and meeting a given line at right angles

CHAPTER III.

THE PLANE.

408. The equation to a plane,

xX1+yyı + z z1 = d2, or mx + ny + pz = 1,

or x cos. dx + y cos. d y + z cos. d z = d,

or x sin. Px + y sin. Py + z sin. P z = =d,

or a cos. P, y z + y cos. P, x z + z cos. P, xy= d.

413. The angles which a plane makes with the co-ordinate planes,

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors]

415. Equations to planes parallel to the co-ordinate planes

416. The traces of a plane are found by putting x, y, or z = 0.

[ocr errors]

212

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

417. The equation to a plane parallel to a given plane, m x + ny + p z = 1, is

mx+ny+pz= =2, or m (x-x1)+n (y—yı)+p (2−zı)=0.

[ocr errors][merged small]
« ΠροηγούμενηΣυνέχεια »