20. 154 cwt. of tobacco, at £4 17s. 10d. per cwt. Ans. £755 15s. 3d. 21. 117 gallons of arrack, at 12s. 6d. per gallon. Ans. £73 5s. 7 d. 22. 85 cwt. of cheese, at £1 7s. 8d. per cwt. Ans. £118 12s. 5d. 23. 294 lb. of fine hyson tea, at 3s. 6d. per lb. Ans. £5 2s. 44d. 24. 17 yards of superfine scarlet drab, at £1 3s. per yard. Ans. £20 8s. 3d. per yard. 25. 37 yards of rich brocade silk, at 12s. 4d. Ans. £23 2s. 6d. Ans. £166 4s. 74d. 26. 563 cwt. of sugar, at £2 18s. 7d. per cwt. Ans. £267 15s. 9d. 28. 45 lb. of Balladine silk, at 18s. 6d. per lb. Ans. £42 6s. 44d. 29. 87 bushels of wheat, at 4s. 3d. per bushel. Ans. £18 12s. 11td. 30. 120 cwt. of hops, at £4 7s. 6d. per cwt. Ans. £528 5s. 7 d. SHORT RECKONINGS, OR MENTAL CALCULATION. RULE. Find the Amount of the number of yards, lbs., &c., at one penny, and multiply it by the price: when there is a farthing with any given number of pence, (as 21d., 61d., 10d.) add one quarter, or to what it amounts to at one penny; for a half-penny, add half of the amount of what it comes to at one penny; and for 3 farthings, add three quarters of what it amounts to at one penny. 1. 40 lbs. of butter, at 10d. per lb. 2. 72 gallons of ale, at 7d. per gallon. 3. 36 gallons of milk, at 9d. per gallon. 4. 47 lbs. of currants, at 5d. per lb. 5. 125 gallons of porter, at 11d. per gallon. 40 at 1d. 3s. 4d. Multiplied by 10 6. 45 weeks at 7d. per day. Observe, 7 days in a week × 45 weeks £1 6s. 3d. x 7 £9 3s. 9d. the Ans. 315 days = 7. 73 lbs. of Candles, at 7d. per lb. 8. 98 lbs. of raisins, at 8d. per lb. 9. 135 stones of hay, at 7d. per stone. Ans. £2 2s. 7d. Ans. £3 5s. 4d. Ans. £3 18s. 9d. Where the quantity is considerable, refer to the extended Pence Table, pp. 29 & 30. 10. 180 lbs. of soap, at 5d. per lb. 11. 500 yds. of cotton, at 4d. per yd. 12. 900 yds. of linen, at 10d. per yd. 13. 1440 lbs. of glue, at 7d. per lb. Ans. £3 15s. Ans. £8 6s. 8d. Ans. £37 10s. Ans. £42. When,, or occurs in the quantity, reckon them with the yards, &c., at the rate of 1d. per yard, i. e. for a quarter of a yard reckon d.; for a half yard, add 1⁄2d., &c. 14. 32 yards at 3d. per yard 2s. 8d. at 1d. Ans. 8 1 19. 1263 lbs. of sugar, at 5d. per lb. 1263-10s. 6d. x5= £2 12s. 77d. That is, 10s. 63d. multiplied by 5. 5 times 3 of the 3=15, then the 8's in 15 go 1, and 7 remain, put down and carry 1 to the pence; then 5 times 6 and 1 carried make 31 pence=2s. 7d., put down 7 and carry 2, &c., &c. 20. 971 lbs. of currants, at 7d. per lb. 21. 1133 lbs. of soap, at 4d. per lb. 22. 60 lbs. of bacon, at 74d. per lb. 60= Ans. £2 16s. 77d. 5s. Od. GENERAL EXERCISES.-Compound Multiplication. 1. What sum of money must be divided amongst 18 men, so that each may receive £14 16s. 8d. ? Ans. £267 Os. 9d. 2. A privateer of 250 men took a prize, which amounted to £125 15s. 9d. to each man; what was the value of the prize? Ans. £31446 17s. 6d. 3. What is the difference between 6 dozen dozen, and half a dozen dozen; and what is their sum and product? Ans. difference 792, sum 936, product 62208. 4. What difference is there between twice eight and fifty, and twice fifty-eight; and what is their product? Ans. difference 50, product 7656. 5. There are two numbers, the greater of them is 37 times 45, and their difference 19 times 4; their sum and product are required? Ans. sum 3254, prod. 2645685. 6. The sum of two numbers is 480, the least of them 176. What is their product, and the square of their difference? Ans. prod. 53504, square of their diff. 16384. 7. In an army consisting of 187 squadrons of horse, each 157 men, and 207 batallions, each 560 men; how many effective soldiers, supposing that in 7 hospitals there are 473 sick? Ans. 144806. 8. If a man drinks 3 pints of liquid per day, how much will that be per year, and how much in 100 years, and what the cost at 11⁄2d. per pint? Ans. In 1 year, 1095 pints; 100 years, 110047 pints; value, £687 15s. 11 d. 9. A merchant had £19118 to begin trade with: for 5 he cleared £1086 a year; the next 4 years £2715 years 10s. 6d. a year; but the last 3 years he lost £475 4s. 6d. a year; what was his real fortune at twelve years' end? Ans. £33984 8s. 6d. 10. Six Waggon loads of coal weigh each 127 cwt. 3 qrs. 14 lbs., and the weight of the Waggons, 32 cwt. 2 qrs. What is the nett weight, and the value at 1s. per cwt.? Ans. Weight 734 cwt. 3 qrs.; value £36 14s. 9d. 11. A certain gentleman lays up every year £294 12s. 6d., and spends daily £1 12s. 6d.; I desire to know what is his annual income? Ans. £887 15s. 12. A tradesman gave to his daughter, as a marriage portion, a scrutoire, in which were twelve drawers, in each drawer were six divisions, and in each division were £52, five crown pieces, and sixteen half-crown pieces; how much had she to her fortune? Ans. £3978. 13. If a Railway train passes from Leeds to London in 10 hours 12 minutes, in what time will 15 such journeys be performed? Ans. 153 hours. 14. What is the weight of 63 bars of silver, each weighing 4 lbs. 11 oz. 7 dwts. 13 grs.? Ans. 311 lbs. 8 oz. 15 dwts. 3 grs. 15. A Railway train runs 38 miles an hour; what distance will it run in a week, and what in 5 years? Ans. 6384 in a week; 1659840 in 5 years. 16. 882 Officers of the government receive on an average £289 19s. 11 d. each, what is the total amount? Ans. £255779 ls. 71⁄2d. DIVISION OF MONEY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. RULE. Divide the highest denomination by the given Divisor, by Short Division. Reduce the Remainder, if any, to the denomination next lower, and add to the result what was given of that denomination; divide the sum by the divisor; and thus proceed to the lowest denomination, or till nothing remains. £. s. d. In this example, say 2 in 2 once, set down 1 under the 2; 2 in 7, three 2)27 2 4 and 1 over; set down three under the 7 and carry £1 20s. to the 2 in the shilling column; then 2 in 22, 11 times; set down 11 under the 2; 2 in 4, 2 times, set down 2 under 4 in the pence column. £13 11 2 If the divisor be a composite number, divide successively by the When the divisor is large, divide the pounds as in Simple Division; multiply the remainder by 20 to bring it into shillings, adding in the shillings of the dividend; proceed similarly to the end. GENERAL EXERCISES. 1. If a man spends £257 2s. 5d. in 12 months' time, what is that per month? Ans. £21 8s. 6d. 2. Bought 88 cwt. of cheese for £185 16s., what is that per cwt? Ans. £2 2s. 2 d. 3. If I give £37 6s. 4 d. for 9 pieces of cloth, what did I give per piece? Ans. £4 2s. 11d. 4. What is the value of one hogshead of beer, when 120 are sold for £154 17s. 10d. ? Ans. £1 5s. 9 d. 5. Gave £275 3s. 4d. for 36 bales of cloth, what is that for 2 bales ? Ans. £15 5s. 8 d. 6. A prize of £7257 3s. 6d. is to be divided among 500 sailors, what is each man's share? Ans. £14 10s. 34d. 7. There are 2545 bullocks to be divided among 509 men, how many had each man, and what was the value of each man's share, every bullock being worth £9 14s. 6d. ? Ans. 5 bullocks each man; £48 12s. 6d. each share. 8. A club in London, consisting of 25 gentlemen, joined for a lottery ticket of £10 value, which came up a prize of £4000; I desire to know what each man contributed, and what each man's share came to ? Ans. Each man contributed 8s.; each share £160. 9. Divide 20s. between A, B, and C, so that A may have 2s. less than B, and C 2s. more than B. Ans. A 4s. 8d., B 6s. 8d., and C 8s. 8d. 10. If there are 1000 men to a regiment, and but 50 officers, how many private men are there to one officer? Ans. 19. 11. The quotient is 1083, the divisor 28604, what was the dividend if the remainder came out 1788 ? Ans. 30979920. 12. My purse and money, said Dick to Harry, are worth 15s. 5d., but the money is worth nine times the purse; what did the purse contain? Ans. 13s. 10d. 13. A merchant bought two lots of tobacco, which weighed 12 cwt. 3 qrs. 15 lb. for £14 15s. 6d.; the difference in point of weight was 1 cwt. 2 qrs. 13 lb. and of price £7 15s.: I desire to know their respective weights and value? Ans. Lesser weight 5 cwt. 2 qrs. 15 lb.; Price £3 10s. 3d. -Price £11 5s. 3d. |