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71. This measure is used for estimating artificers' work, such as boards, glass, pavements, plastering, flooring, painting, and any other kind of work where length and breadth only are concerned. It is always employed for measuring land, and for this reason it is sometimes called Land Measure.

A square is a figure having four equal sides, and all its angles right, that is, the sides are perpendicular to each other.

If the length of one of the sides is one inch, it is called a square inch. If the length

of one of the sides is one foot, or 12 inches, it is called a square foot, which by the adjacent figure we see is composed of 12×12=144 square inches.

In a similar manner, if we

1 foot-12 inches.

1 foot-12 inches.

had a square, each of whose sides was 3 feet, then it would contain 3x3=9 Sq. feet, which is called one square yard, since 3 feet-1 yard.

TABLE.

144 square inches Sq. in. make 1 square foot,

Sq. ft.

Sq. yd.

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1 square rod or pole, P.

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“ 1 rood,

R.

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Sq. in.

Sq.ft.

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In measuring land, Gunter's chain is used; its length is 4 rods, or 66 feet. It is divided into 100 links.

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What use is made of Square Measure? When employed in measuring land, how is #called? What is a square? When a square is one inch on each side how is it called? When it is one foot or 12 inches on each side how is it called? When it is one yard on each side how is it called? Repeat the Table of Square Measure. In Land Measure, with what are the sides of the field usually measured? How long is this chain? Repeat the Table of Land Measure.

* The acre is in all cases applied to surface or area. There is no such thing as an acre long, or a cubic acre. It is of such a magnitude as not to admit of being accurately given in the form of a square, having the sides exactly determined. The same remarks are applicable to the rood.

SOLID, OR CUBIC MEASURE.

72. This is used in measuring all bodies where we nave regard to length, breadth, and thickness, such as earth, stone, timber, &c.

A Cube is a solid bounded by six equal squares, resembling a common tea-chest.

If the sides of a cube are each one inch long, it is called a cubic inch. If each side is one foot, it is called a cubic foot. If a side is one rod, it is called a cubic rod.

In the adjoining figure we have endeavored to represent

3 feet.

3 feet.

[graphic]

a cube, each side of which is 3 feet, or one yard, and consequently it is one cubic yard.

The top, which is equal to the base, contains 3 x3=9 square feet; hence, if this was only one foot in height, it would contain 9 cubic feet; but as it is 3 feet in height, it must therefore contain 3 times 9=27 cubic feet. Hence, one cubic yard is equivalent to 3x3x3=27 cubic feet. In the same way one cubic foot is equivalent to 12x 12x12=1728 cubic inches.

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A ton of round timber is so much as, when hewed, shall make 40 cubic feet.

A pile of wood 4 feet wide, 4 feet high, and 8 feet long, will make one cord. One foot in length of such a pile is sometimes called a cord foot. It contains 16 solid feet; consequently 8 cord feet make one cord.

For what is Solid Measure used? What is a Cube? In a cubic yard how many Dubic feet? In a cubic foot how many cubic inches? How many cubic feet of Found timber make a ton? How many of hewn timber? How many cubic feet make a cord of wood? Explain what is meant by a cord foot.

WINE MEASURE.

73. By this are measured all liquids except beer.

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4032-1008= 504-126 =4=2=1 tun.

8064 2016-1008-252 =8=4=2=1

The wine gallon contains 231 cubic or solid inches.

What liquids are measured by Wine Measure? Repeat the Table cubic inches in the wine gallon?

How many

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The beer gallon contains 282 cubic or solid inches.

What is measured by Beer Measure? Repeat the Table. How many cubic in the beer gallon?

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DRY MEASURE.

75. By this are measured all dry wares, as grain seeds, roots, fruits, salt, coal, sand, oysters, &c.

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