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How were accounts kept before the adoption of Federal money? Did all the States estimate the pound at the same value? What fraction of a £ is $1 in Sterling money' 3 What part of a £ is $1 in Georgia currency? What part of a £ is $1 Canada currency? What part of a £ is $1 New England currency? What part in Pennsylvania currency? What part in Now York currency?

CASE I

104. To reduce Federal money to pounds, shillings, and pence, we obviously have this

RULE.

Multiply the sum in Federal money by the value of $1 expressed in the fraction of a pound, as given in the above Table; the product will be pounds. If there are decimals of a pound, they must be reduced to shillings and pence by Ruie under ART. 99.

What is the fraction by which we multiply Federal money to reduce it to Sterling money? What fraction do we multiply to reduce it to Georgia currency? What is the fraction for Canada currency? What for New England currency? What for Pennsylvania currency? What for New York currency? If in the product the are decimals of a pound, how do you dispose of them?

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce $100-20 to the different currencies, as given in the preceding Table.

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3. Reduce $1000 to equivalent values in the different

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105. To reduce a sum in either of the above currencies o Federal money.

It is obvious, that by inverting the fractions which express the value of $1 in pounds, as given in the preceding

table, we shall obtain the value of £1 in dollars. Consequently, we deduce this

RULE.

I. Reduce the shillings and pence, if any, to a decimal of a pound, by Rule under Art. 99.

II. Multiply the pounds and decimals, if any, by the fractions of the preceding table, after investing them; the products will be in dollars and decimals of a dollar.

By what fraction must we multiply Sterling money to reduce it to Federal money 3 What fraction do we multiply by to reduce Georgia currency to Federal money? By what do we multiply to reduce Canada currency? By what to reduce New England currency? By what to reduce Pennsylvania currency? By what to reduce New York currency?

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce £75 15s. 6d. of the respective currencies mentioned in the preceding table, to Federal money.

£75 15s. 6d. £75-775, which multiplied by the respective fractions 40, 40, 4, 40, 4, and , gives the following answer

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Ans. £75 15s. 6d.

New England currency= 252.58.

Pennsylvania currency 202.06.
New York currency = 189.434.

2. Reduce £80 5s. 3d. of the different currencies to Federal money.

Sterling money

Georgia currency

Ans. £80 5s. 3d.

Canada currency

=$356-7224

= 343-9824.

= 321.05.

New England currency= 2675413.
Pennsylvania currency= 214-0331.
New York currency =200-6564

3. Reduce £1000 of the different currencies to Federal

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106. The following are the rates at which some of the foreign coins are estimated at the custom-houses of the United States:

2666-666.

= 2500.

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Florin or Guilder of the United Netherlands $0.40.

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Thaler of Prussia and N. States of Germany $0.69.
Florin of Austrian Empire and City of

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Pound of British Provinces, Nova Scotia, New

Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Canada. $4.00.

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107. The quotient arising from dividing one quantity by another of the same kind or denomination, is called a

ratio.

Thus, the ratio of

12 to 26.

12 to

3=2=4.

12 to 4-2-3.

12 to 6-2-2.

12 to 12 =1.

Hence, we see that the ratio of two quantities shows how many times greater the one is than the other. It is

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