RULE. Having placed units under units, tens under tens, &c. draw a line underneath, and begin with the units: After adding up every figure in that column, confider how many tens are contained in their fum, and, placing the excess under the units, carry fo many, as you have tens, ́to the next column, of tens: Proceed in the fame manner through every column, or row, and fet down the whole amount of the laft row. PROOF. Begin at the top of the fum, and reckon the figures downwards, in the fame manner as they were added upwards, and, if it be right, this aggregate will be equal to the first. Or, cut off the upper line of figures, and find the amount of the reft; then, if the amount and upper line, when added, be equal to the fum total, the work is iupposed to be right. ADDITION and SUBTRACTION TABLE. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112] 2 4 5 6 7 8 9|10|11|12|13|14 |9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18|19|20|21 When you would add two numbers, look one of them in the left hand column, and the other atop, and in the common angle of meeting, or, at the right hand of the first, and under the fecond, you will find the fum—as, 5 and 8 is 13. When you would fubtract: Find the number to be fubtracted in the left hand column, run your eye along to the right hand till you find the number from which it is to be taken, and right over it, atop, you will find the difference-as, 8, taken from 13, leaves 5. SUBTRACTION Teaches to take a lefs number from a greater, to find a third, fhewing the inequality, excefs or difference between the given numbers; and it is both fimple and compound. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION Teaches to find the difference between any two numbers, which are of a like kind. RULE. Place the larger number uppermoft, and the less underneath, fo that units may ftand under units, tens under tens, &c. then, drawing a line underneath, begia with the units, and fubtract the lower from the upper figure, and fet down the remainder; but if the lower figure be greater than the upper, borrow ten, and fubtract the lower figure therefrom: To this difference, add the upper figure, which, being fet down, you must add one to the ten's place of the lower line, for that which you borrowed; and thus proceed through the whole. PROOF. In either fimple, or compound Subtraction, add the remainder and the lefs line together, whofe fum, if the work be right, will be equal to the greater line :-Or, fubtract the remainder from the greater line, and the difference will be equal to the lefs. EXAMPLES. Miles. Yards. Feet. Cwt. From 25 305 4670 58934 879647 9187641 Take 12 103 4020 6182 164348 Rem. 91843 May be accounted the moft ferviceable Rule in Arithmetic. It teaches how to increase the greater of two numbers given, as often as there are units in the lefs; performs the work of many additions in the most compendious manner; brings numbers of great denominations into small, as pounds into fhillings, pence or farthings, &c. and, by knowing the value of one thing, we find the value of many. It confifts of three parts. 1. The Multiplicand, or number given to be multiplied, and, commonly, the largest number. 2. The Multiplier, or number to multiply by, commonly, the leaft number. 3. The Product is the refult of the work, or the anfwer to the question. SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION Is the multiplying of any two numbers together, without having regard to their fignification; as 7 times 8 is 56, &c. 200 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 72 80| 88 96 81| 90| 99|108 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 90 100 110 120 11 | 22 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 |88| 99|110|121|132 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 | 96|108|120|132|144) To learn this Table, for Multiplication: Find your multiplier in the left hand column, and your multiplicand atop, and in the common angle of meeting, or against your multiplier, along at the right hand, and under your multiplicand, you will find the product, or anfwer. To learn it, for Divifion: Find the divifor in the left hand column, and run your eye along the row to the right hand until you find the dividend; then, directly over the dividend, atóp, you will find the quotient, fhewing how often the divifor is contained in the dividend. |