17 What is the sum of 428 +5827 + 8095 + 78304 + 896827 ?

Ans. 989481.

18. Add six thousand and ninety-five, fifty-nine thousand three hundred and eighty-six, eight thousand and ninetyseven, six hundred and eighteen and sixty-nine thousand and Ans. 143203.

seven.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.

1. A man paid 535 dollars for a carriage, 575 dollars for a pair of horses and 750 dollars for a piano. How much did he pay for all? Ans. 1860 dollars.

2. A planter sold 4 bales of cotton; the first weighed 543 pounds, the second 567 pounds, the third 499 pounds and the fourth 528 pounds. What was the whole weight?

Ans. 2137 pounds.

3. A farmer sold cotton for 9857 dollars, corn for 2583 dollars, wheat for 787 dollars and wool for 463 dollars. What was the amount of his sales? Ans. 13690 dollars.

4. An army has 35876 infantry, 9285 cavalry and 1387 artillerymen. How many men belong to the army?

Ans. 46548 men.

5. A locomotive ran in one week 1973 miles, in the second week 1784 miles, the third week 2259 miles, the fourth week 1875 miles and the fifth week 1869 miles.

entire distance run?

6. Five cars were loaded with cotton.

What was the

Ans. 9760 miles.

The first carried

17845 pounds, the second 21318 pounds, the third 19518 pounds, the fourth 23839 pounds and the fifth 17857 pounds. What was the entire weight? Ans. 100407 pounds.

7. Five men built a factory. The first furnished 28375 dollars, the second 37935 dollars, the third 27875 dollars, the fourth 36295 dollars and the fifth 43289 dollars. What was the entire capital? Ans. 173769 dollars.

8. A gentleman owns 27875 dollars' worth of R. R. stock, 23425 dollars in bank stock, a mill valued at 12850 dollars, a house worth 9875 dollars, land worth 6885 dollars and furniture valued at 985 dollars. What is the value of his property? Ans. 81895 dollars.

9. A father left an estate to his son, his daughter and his wife. To the son he left 7845 dollars, to the daughter 450 dollars more than to the son, and to the wife 1275 dollars more than to the daughter What was the amount of the estate? Ans. 25710 dollars.

10. Four men, A, B, C and D, engaged in business. A put in 3475 dollars, B put in 280 dollars more than A, C put in as much as A and B together, and D put in 225 dollars more than C What was the entire amount put in?

Ans. 21915 dollars.

11. In 1851 the population of England was 16921888, of Ireland 6515794, of Wales, 1005721, and of Scotland 2888742. What was the entire population of these countries?

Ans. 27332145.

12. A manufacturer bought 23 bales of cotton for 21:3 dollars, 27 bales for 2867 dollars, 135 bales for 13186 dollars, and 75 bales for 8127 dollars; how many bales did he buy and how many dollars did they cost?

Ans. 260 bales; 26363 dollars. 13. For the year ending June 1, 1860, there were manufactured in Virginia, 7544297 pounds of cotton; in North Caro

lina, 5540738 pounds; in South Carolina, 3978061 pounds; in Georgia, 13907904 pounds; and in Alabama, 5246800 pounds; how many pounds were used in these five States?

Ans. 36217800 pounds.

14. A merchant invested 5273 dollars in dry goods, 1827 dollars in hardware, 1285 dollars in crockery and 4357 dollars in groceries. He sold the dry goods at a profit of 756 dollars the hardware at a profit of 328 dollars, the crockery at a profit of 285 dollars and the groceries at a profit of 648 dollars; what did he sell the whole for? Ans. 14759 dollars.

SUBTRACTION.

ARTICLE 38. Mary had 7 cherries, and gave 3 of them to Jane. How many has Mary left?

Analysis. To find out how many Mary has left, we musɩ take away the 3 cherries from the 7 cherries, leaving 4 cherries. This operation is called a SUBTRACTION. Hence

ART. 39. SUBTRACTION is the operation of taking a less number from a greater, in order to find their difference. The greater number is called the MINUEND.

The less number is called the SUBTRAHEND.

That which is left after subtracting is called the REMAINDER

or DIFFERENCE.

ART. 40. The SIGN of subtraction is a short horizontal line

(called MINUS.* When placed between two numbers, it indicates that the one after it is to be taken from the one before it. Thus, 6-24, shows that 2 is to be taken from 6, and is read, 6 minus 2 equals 4, or 6 less 2 equals 4. Here, 6 is the minuend, 2 is the subtrahend, and 4 the remainder.

* Minus is a Latin word, and signifies less,

NOTE.-Let the teacher drill the student thoroughly on the foregoing tables by asking questions in every possible variety. Time thus occupied will be more than regained by the expertness imparted to the pupil in performing more difficult examples.

CASE I.

ART. 41. To subtract when no figure of the subtrahend is greater than its corresponding figure of the minuend.

Ex. 1. A merchant bought 576 oranges, and sold 341 of them. How many were left?

OPERATION. 576 Minuend. 341 Subtrahend. 235 Remainder.

Analysis. Here we are to find the dif ference between 576 and 341. We write the less number under the greater, placing units under units, tens under tens, etc. We begin with units and say: 1 unit from 6 units leaves 5 units, and we write the 5 in the units' column below. Then 4 tens from 7 tens leave 3 tens, and we write the 3 under the tens' column. Lastly, 3 hundreds from 5 hundreds leave 2 hundreds, and we set the 2 under the hundreds' column. Hence, we have as the whole remainder 2 hundreds 3 tens and 5 units, or 235. Ans. 235 oranges.

In actual practice we shorten the work. We simply say: "1 from 6 leaves 5, 4 from 7 leaves 3, 3 from 5 leaves 2; answer, 235."

In order that the pupil may understand the reason of the operation, he should be required at first to give the full analysis.

2. A man had 6549 dollars, and after spending 4235 dollars how many had he left?

OPERATION.

6549 Minuend. 4235 Subtrahend.

2314 Remainder