A LANDLORD is the master of an

A BRIDGE is a structure raised over water for the passage of men and inn. other animals.

18. To Turn.

A VIADUCT is a structure made for conveying a carriage-way from one To TURN is 1. To change the road to another, either by perforation position of a body. 2. To change through hills, by levelling uneven the direction of motion.

Hence,

Verse, a line of poetry.

ground, or by raising mounds or VERTO [versum], to turn. (L.) arched supports across rivers or marshes.-Sanckey on Railroads. (L. via, a way, and ductum, to conduct.) Á CULVERT is an arch under a road or canal, for the passage of

water.

VIA, a way. (L.) Hence, Pervious, admitting a passage; as, glass is pervious to light. (L., per, through:)

Version, the turning of a literary production from one language to another; that is, a translation.

Invert, 1. To turn upside down; as, to invert a cup. 2. To place in a contrary order; as, to invert the order of words in a sentence.

Inverse, taken in a contrary order,
Inversion, 1. The act of turning

in a contrary order.

Impervious, that does not admit a passage; as, India rubber is imper-upside down. 2. The act of placing vious to water. (L., in, not.) Deviate, lit., To turn aside from the way. Hence, fig., 1. To decline from a plan or purpose. 2. To stray from the path of duty. (de, from.) Devious, 1. Out of the common way or track; as, a devious course. 2. Rambling.

To bless the wildly devious morning walk.—
Thomson.

Obvious, lit., lying in our path.
Hence, fig., Plain to be perceived
either by the eye or by the intellect.
Obviate, 1, and properly. To meet
in the way.
Hence, 2. To meet and
remove out of the way, as a difficulty
or objection. (ob, in.)

17. Of Inns.

An INN is a house for the entertainment of travelers.

Subvert, to overturn. (sub, over.) Convert, 1. To change or turn from one form to another; as, to convert water into ice. 2. To change or turn from one state to another; as, to convert a barren desert into fruitful fields. 3. To turn from one religion to another. 4. To turn from bad to good. 5. To turn from one use or destination to another; as, to convert blessings into curses. 6. To turn to one's own use the property of others. Divert, 1. To turn any thing aside from its proper or natural course; as, to divert a stream. 2. To turn the mind from business or study. Hence, to please. (di, aside.)

Diverse, lit., turned away from each other. Hence, different.

Pervert, 1. To turn any thing from A Tavern, in England, is a house its proper end and use; as, to perwhere wine is sold and drinkers are vert justice; to pervert the meaning entertained.-Johnson. In the Uni- of an author. 2. To corrupt. (per, ted States, an inn. (L., taberna, a thoroughly.) shop.)

Advert, to turn the mind or attenA HOTEL is a house for the enter- tion to; as, to advert to a fact. (ad, tainment of genteel strangers. (L., hostis, a stranger.)

A CARAVAN, in eastern countries, is a company of traveling merchants. Hence,

Caravansera, a kind of inn where caravans rest at night.

to.)

Advertence or Advertency, a turning of the attention to.

Inadvertence or Inadvertency, a not turning of the mind or attention to; that is, heedlessness. (in, not.)

Animadvert 1. To turn the mind

to. 2. To turn the mind to in the TO PRECIPITATE is to throw headway of criticism or censure. long. (L., præ, foremost; and ceps, animus, the mind.) the head.)

(L.

Adverse, lit., turned against. Hence, 1. Opposing; as, adverse parties. 2. Counteracting; as, adverse winds. 3. Contrary to our wishes or interests; as, adverse circumstances; adverse fortune. (ad, against.)

Adversity, adverse fortune. Adversary, one whose inclinations or exertions are turned against us; that is, an enemy or antagonist. Obverse, the face of a coin or medal. (ob, toward [the person inspecting it.])

Revert, to turn back. (re, back.) To Reverse, 1. To turn upside down. 2. To change the order by placing the first last, and the last first.

A Reverse, a change for the worse. The Reverse, 1. The opposite or contrary of any thing. 2. The back side of a coin or medal.

9. To Throw.

To THROW is to cause a body to move through the air by a sudden and momentary application of force on the side opposite to the direction of the motion.

TO CAST is to throw.

To HURL is to throw with violence. To FLING is to cast with a quick motion from the hand.

JACIO [jactum, or jectum], to throw (L.) Hence.

A

Project, 1. To cast forward. gun projects a ball. 2. To cast forward in the mind; as, to project a plan. 3. To throw itself forward in front of the body of which it is a part. The eaves of a house project. A cape projects into the sea. (pro, forward.)

A Project is a scheme, or plan, projected or formed in the mind.

A Projectile is a body designed to be projected or thrown; as an arrow, a bullet, etc.

Reject, to cast back as not being acceptable, or as not being adapted to the purpose. (re, back.)

Inject, to throw or force in. Eject, to cast forth. (e, forth.) Deject, to cast down. (de, down.) Abject, properly, thrown away as being of no account. Hence, 1. Mean or despicable; as an abject flatterer. 2. Very low in condition, as if cast off by fortune, hope, and the regard of men; as, abject poverty. (ab, away.)

To Subject' is to cast, or put under the power or authority of any one. (sub, under.)

A Sub'ject is, 1. One who is under the authority of a civil ruler. 2. Any thing thrown, or placed under the To DART is, 1. To throw a pointed action of any process or operation; instrument with a sudden thrust. 2. as a subject of thought; a subject of To run with the velocity of a dart. discussion; an anatomical subject. (From dart, a pointed missile wea- To Object is lit., to throw somepon.) thing in the way of a moving body in To SHOOT is, 1. To cause to fly order to arrest its progress. Hence with speed from any kind of an en- fig. To cast impediments in the form gine for missiles; as, to shoot an ar- of reasons and arguments, in the row from a bow, or a ball from a way of any measure, or course of gun. 2. To move with great velocity action proposed by others. (ob, in as if shot from a bow, etc. the way of.)

To Toss is to throw with a moderate force; as, to toss a ball.

TO DASH is, 1. To throw with the utmost violence; as to dash from the hand. 2. To strike violently against; as, to dash one stone against another.

An Object is lit., something thrown immediately before us so that we can not help noticing it. Hence, fig. Any thing that engages our attention. (ob, before.)

To Conjecture is to cast probabili

Retract; to draw back; as, to retract a hasty expression. (re, back.) To SHOVE, is to cause to move by Distract, to draw at the same time applying a force on the side opposite in different directions. may be distracted by cares. (dis,

To SHUFFLE is, 1. To shove one asunder.) way and then the other; as, to shuf Detract, to (draw, or) take away fle the feet. 2. To mix by pushing from reputation or merit, through or shoving; as, to shuffle cards. (dim envy. (de, from.)

Repulsive, calculated to drive apparel, etc., in traveling. (Fr., away by being offensive or disagree-manteau, a cloak.) able.

Expel, to drive out. (ex, out.) Dispel, to drive asunder, or to scatter. (dis, asunder.)

Compel, to drive by irresistible force.

Compulsion, the act of driving or urging by force, either physical or

moral.

23. To Carry.

TO CARRY is to sustain the weight of a body, and, at the same time, to pass with it to another place.

To BEAR is 1. To sustain the weight of a body. 2. To carry.

A Burden, or Burthen, is a weight which is borne. (From bear.)

To LUG is to carry a burden which is very heavy in proportion to the strength of the bearer.

To LADE, or To LOAD, is to charge with a burden.

Laden, or Loaded, charged with a

burden.

A Load is, 1. A burden. 2. A heavy burden.

A CARGO is the lading of a ship. To Charge is, 1. To put a load into; as, to charge a gun. 2. Impose a load upon; as, to charge with a debt; to charge with the performance of a duty. See Art. Debt.

Port-monnaie', a purse. (Fr., monnaie, coin.)

Import, to bring in goods, etc., from a foreign country. (in, into.) Export, to carry the productions of a country to foreign markets. (ex, out.)

Transport, to carry goods, etc., to a distant place. (trans, over.)

Report, to bring back, as intelligence. (re, back.)

Support, to bear up. (sub, under, the bearer being under the burden.)

Deport, to carry one's self in any particular manner in one's behavior; as, to deport one's self well.

Deportment, carriage, or manner of acting in relation to the duties of life.

Comport, lit., to carry together. Hence, to be suitable to; as, his conduct does not comport with his station. (con, together.)

VEHO [vectum], to carry. (L.) Hence,

Vehicle, that on which any thing is carried, as a coach, wagon, etc.

Vehement, violent. (from veho, in the sense of to rush, or to carry itself with great velocity and force.)

Convey, 1. To carry, as letters, goods, etc. 2. To carry over to another by means of certain legal formalities; as, to convey a right to prop

FREIGHT is the lading of any vehicle for the transportation of mer-erty. chandise, whether by water or by Conveyance, 1. The act of conveying. 2. A vehicle.

land.

Fraught, laden. Used only in a fig. sense, as when we speak of a scheme fraught with mischief. In a lit. sense, freighted should be used; as, a ship freighted with cotton. (Participle of freight.)

PORTO [portatum], to carry. Hence,

(L.)

Inveigh, lit., to bring against. Hence, to utter censure or reproach; as, to inveigh against the vices and the follies of the age. Hence,

Invective, a harsh or reproachful accusation.

FERO [latum], to bear. (L.) Hence, Fertile, bearing, or yielding in abundance; as, a fertile soil.

Porter, a bearer of burdens. Portfolio, a case for carrying loose Confer, lit., to bring together. leaves of paper. (L., folium, a leaf. Hence, 1. To bring together different Port-crayon, a small metallic views and plans for the purpose of handle with a clasp for holding a comparing them and adopting the crayon when used in drawing. best. Persons confer together in re

Port-manteau, a case for carrying|lation to matters of common interest

I confer with a friend in relation to a matter that chiefly interests myself. 2. To bring together for the purpose of bestowing. Hence, simply, to bestow; as, to confer a favor.

Conference, the act of comparing one's views and plans with those of another person.

Refer, to carry or send back. We refer, or carry back, a reader to a particular author for further information. A matter in dispute may be referred, or carried back, to some particular person for decision. (re, back.)

pose, or to intermeddle. (inter, between, or among.)

Circumference, a curve line described in a plane by carrying a movable point around a fixed point in such a manner that the movable point shall be continually at the same distance from the fixed point. (circum, around.)

NOTE.-The space contained within a circumference is called a circle.

24. To Lead.

To LEAD is, 1. To go before, in order to show the way. 2. To guide Prefer, lit., to carry before. Hence, with the hand; as, to lead a child. 1. To carry any thing to the foremost 3. To cause to move forward by place in one's liking; that is, to drawing with a gentle force; as, to choose one thing rather than another. lead a horse with a bridle. 4. To be 2. To carry a matter before a tribu- foremost. nal; as, to prefer a charge against any one. (præ, before.)

Infer, to bring in a conclusion from premises.

Defer, 1. To put off. (dis, off; and fero, to put.) 2. To acquiesce in the sentiments of another rather than one's own; as, he defers to the opinion of his father. (dis, aside; and fero, to lay, implying that the person who defers lays aside his own opinion out of respect for the authority of the person to whom he defers.)

Deference, respect for the authority of another in matters of opinion. Offer, lit., to carry before. Hence, to present for acceptance or rejection. (ob, before.)

Differ, lit, to bear or carry themselves asunder. Hence, to be dissimilar. (dis, asunder.)

Proffer, lit., to bear forward. Hence, to present for acceptance. (pro, forward.)

Duco [ductum], to lead. (L.) Hence,

Duct, a tube by which a fluid or other substance is led, or conveyed. The vessels that convey the fluids of animal bodies are ducts.

Aqueduct, a structure for leading or conveying water. (L., aqua, water.) See Art. Water.

Viaduct, a structure for leading a way across water or uneven ground. (L., via, a way.) See Art. Ways.

Ductile, 1. Easy to be led or drawn; as, the ductile mind of a child. 2. That may be drawn into wire. Platinum is the most ductile of all the metals.

Induce, to lead or influence to any thing. We induce a person to do something by persuasion. A person may also be induced by considerations presenting themselves spontaneously to his mind.

Inducement, a consideration which leads to the doing of any thing.

Suffer, lit., to underbear. Hence, Educe, to draw out from. (e, out.) 1. To bear a load of pain, grief, etc. From seeming evil still educing good.—Thomson. 2. To bear the doing of something Produce, 1. To draw forth. The by others which it is in our power to earth produces herbage; that is, draws prevent; that is, to allow, or permit. it forth from her bosom. 2. To bring (sub, under.) forward; as, to produce evidence in Interfere, lit., to carry between, or a court. 3. To extend or draw out into the midst of. Hence, to carry in length; as, to produce a line. one's authority or power of control (pro, forth or forward.)

between parties, or into the midst of Production, 1. The act of produc the affairs of others; that is, to inter- ing. 2. A thing produced.