45. Add the following numbers, 763, 4663, 37, 49763, 6178, and 671.

Ans. 62075.

46. A butcher sold to A 369 lbs. of beef, to B 169 lbs., to C 861 lbs., to D 901 lbs., to E 71 lbs., and to F 8716 lbs.; what did they all receive? Ans. 11087 lbs.

47. A owes to one creditor 596 dollars, to another 3961, to another 581, to another 6116, to another 469, to another 506, to another 69381, and to another 1261. What does he owe them all? Ans. $82871.

48. If a boy earn 17 cents a day, how much will he earn in 7 days? Ans. 119 cts.

49. If a man's wages be 19 dollars per month, what are they per year? Ans. $228. 50. If a boy receive a present every New Year's day of 1783 dollars, how much money will he possess, when he is 21 years old? Ans. $37443.

51. How many inhabitants were there in Essex county, Mass., in 1840, Haverhill having 4336, Amesbury 2471, Andover 5207, Beverly 4689, Bradford 2222, Boxford 942, Danvers 5020, Essex 1450, Georgetown 1540, Gloucester 6350, Hamilton 818,

Ipswich 3000, Lynn 9369, Lynnfield 707, Manchester 1355, Marblehead 5575, Methuen 2251, Middleton 657, Newbury 3789, Newburyport 7161, Rockport 2650, Rowley 1203, Salem 15082, Salisbury 2739, Saugus 1098, Topsfield 1059, Wenham 689, West Newbury 1560? Ans. 94,989.

52. How many were the members of Congress in 1846, there being 2 Senators from each State, and Maine sending 7 Representatives, New Hampshire 4, Massachusetts 10, Rhode Island 2, Connecticut 4, Vermont 4, New York 34, New Jersey 5, Pennsylvania 24, Delaware 1, Maryland 6, Virginia 15, North Carolina 9, South Carolina 7, Georgia 8, Alabama 7, Mississippi 4, Louisiana 4, Tennessee 11, Kentucky 10, Ohio 21, Indiana 10, Illinois 7, Missouri 5, Arkansas 1, Michigan 3, Florida 1, Texas 2?

Ans. 282.

53. According to the census of 1840, Maine had 501,793 in habitants, New Hampshire 284,574, Massachusetts 737,699, Rhode Island 108,830, Connecticut 309,978, Vermont 291,948 New York 2.428,921, New Jersey 373,306, Pennsylvania 1,724,033, Delaware 78,085, Maryland 469,232, District of Columbia 43,712, Virginia 1,239,797, North Carolina 753,419, South Carolina 594,398, Georgia 691,392, Kentucky 779,828, Tennessee 829,210, Ohio 1,519,467, Indiana 685,866, Mississippi 375,651, Missouri 383,702, Illinois 476,183, Louisiana 352,411, Alabama 590,756, Michigan 212,267, Arkansas 97,574, Florida 54,477, Wisconsin 30,945, Iowa 43,112, and on board U. S. vessels 6,100. What was the whole number of inhabitants? Ans. 17,068,666.

SECTION III.

SUBTRACTION.

SUBTRACTION teaches to find the difference between two numbers by taking the less from the greater.

OPERATION. In this question, we take 3 units from 5 units From 935 and 2 units remain, which we write down under Take 673 units, as the first figure in the answer. In at262 tempting to take the 7 tens from 3 tens we find a difficulty, as 7 cannot be taken from 3. We therefore borrow 1 (hundred) from the 9 (hundred), which being equal to 10 tens, we add it to the 3 tens in the upper line, making 13 tens; from which we take 7 tens, and 6 tens re

We

main, which we write down under the place of tens. then proceed to the hundreds. As we have borrowed 1 from the 9 hundreds, the 9 is too large by 1. We must therefore

take the 6 (hundreds) from 8 hundreds and there will remain 2 (hundreds). We therefore write. down the 2 in the place of hundreds. Or, because the 9 is too large by 1, we may add 1 to the 6, and say 7 from 9 and 2 will remain. Hence the following

RULE.

Place the less number under the greater; units under units, tens under tens, &c. Begin with the units, and if the lower figure be smaller than the one above it, write the difference below. But, if the upper figure be less than the lower, then add ten to the upper one, and write the difference between the sum thus obtained and the lower figure. Then carry or add one to the lower figure of the next column, and proceed as before, till all the numbers are subtracted, and the result will be the difference.

NOTE. The upper number is called the Minuend, from the Latin word minuendum, signifying to be made less; and the lower one the Subtrahend, from subtrahendum, to be taken away. The result is the Remainder.

PROOF.

Add the remainder to the subtrahend, and, if their sum be like the minuend, the work may be considered correct.

44. Sir Isaac Newton was born in the year 1642, and he died in 1727; how old was he at the time of his decease?

Ans. 85 years.

45. Gunpowder was invented in the year 1330; how long was this before the invention of printing, which was in 1441 ? Ans. 111 years.

46. The mariner's compass was invented in Europe in the