EXERCISES IN NOTATION. Write on the slate or board 1. Seven dollars and twenty-five cents. 2. Twelve dollars, thirty cents, and five mills. REDUCTION OF UNITED STATES MONEY. 218. Reduction is the process of changing a number from one denomination to another without altering its value. 219. From the explanation given we have the following PRINCIPLES. 1. To reduce cents to mills, annex one cipher. 2. To reduce dollars to cents, annex two ciphers. 3. To reduce dollars to mills, annex three ciphers. 4. To reduce cents to dollars, place the point two places from the right. 5. To reduce mills to dollars, place the point three places from the right. NOTE. In reducing a number of dollars and cents to cents, etc., the separatrix should be removed; thus, $5.25 -525 cents, and $8.755-8755 mills. WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. Reduce 5 dollars to cents. SOLUTION.-In 1 dollar there are 100 cents, and in 5 dollars ther are 5 times 100 cents, or 500 cents, or we annex two ciphers, as above directed. 2. Reduce 25 dollars to cents. 3. Reduce 24 cents to mills. 4. Reduce 8 dollars to mills. 5. Reduce 20 dollars to mills. 6. Reduce 6 cents and 5 mills to mills. 7. Reduce 12 dollars and 25 cents to cents. 8. Reduce 23 dollars and 5 cents to cents. 9. Reduce 1450 cents to dollars. 10. Reduce 2700 cents to dollars. 11. Reduce 5425 cents to dollars. 12. Reduce 4170 mills to dollars. 13. Reduce 250 mills to cents. 14. Reduce 865 mills to cents. Ans. 2500. Ans. 240. Ans. 8000. Ans. 20000. Ans. 65. Ans. 1225. Ans. 2305. Ans. $14.50. Ans. $27. Ans. $54.25. Ans. $4.17. Ans. 25 cents. Ans. 86 cents. 15. Reduce 13875 mills to dollars, cents, and mills. Ans. $13.875. 16. Reduce 185326 mills to dollars, cents, and mills. Ans. $185.326. 17. How many dollars, cents, and mills in 235 dollars, 2 cents, and 5 mills? Ans. $235.025. 18. How many dollars, cents, and mills in 150 dollars, 10 cents, and 5 mills? Ans. $150.105. FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS. 220. Since United States Money is expressed in the decimal scale, all the operations may be performed as in decimals. Rule. To add, subtract, multiply, or divide in United States money, proceed according to the corresponding opera tions in decimals. WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. Find the sum of $624 and 62 cents. 2. From $25 take 25 cents and 5 mills. 8. Require the sum of $184, 18 dimes, mills. Ans. $63.12. Ans. $24.74. 184 cents, and 18 Ans. $20.828. 4. From 1 dollar take 1 mill; from $505 take 505 cents. Ans. $0.999; $499.95. 5. Subtract 64 cents from 6 dollars, and add the remain. der to 64 dimes. Ans. $7.08. 6. What must a stock-dealer pay for 27 young cows at $18 apiece? Ans. $506.25. 7. A drover sold the government 33 horses at the rate of $125 apiece; what did he receive? Ans. $4133.25. 8. If a cattle-feeder received $250.25 for the sale of 13 cows, what did they bring him a head? Ans. $19.25. what would 17 Ans. $123.25. 9. I paid $36.25 for 5 barrels of flour; barrels have cost me at the same rate? 10. A country merchant paid $96 for a lot of muslins, at 16 cents a yard; how many yards did he buy? Ans. 600. 11. How many cords of wood can be bought for $1553.25, at the rate of $4.75 per cord? Ans. 327 cords. 12. A carpenter earned in 4 months $240; how many days did he labor if his wages were $2.50 a day? Ans. 96. divide $48 by 6 dimes; 18. Divide $16 by 12 cents; divide 18 dimes by 15 mills. Ans. 1397; 80; 125. $551, a chain for $223, a 14. A lady bought a watch for key for $64, and sold them all at a gain of $63; what did she receive for them? Ans. $91.25. 15. A teacher bought a book for $24, an inkstand for 624 cents, some paper for $11, a map for $42, a globe for $51, and handed the clerk a ten-dollar-bill and a five-dollar bill; how much change should he receive? Ans. $0.371. 16. Mr. Benton bought 12 hogsheads of molasses of 63 gallons each, at the rate of 42 cents a gallon, and sold it at 50 cents a gallon; what was the gain? Ans. $56.70. 17. A lady bought 3 yards of muslin at 64 cents a yard, 7 yards of linen' at 87 cents a yard, and handed out a $10 bill; what was her change? Ans. $3.72. 18. There was sold one day, in New York, Low Grade extra flour, amounting to $15,000 at $6.25 per barrel; how many barrels were sold? Ans. 2400 barrels. 19. A lady in furnishing her house bought 3 sets of chairs at $7.25 a set, 2 tables at $5.25 apiece, 3 rocking-chairs at $4.65 apiece, and 45 yards of carpet at $1.75 & yard; what was the amount of the bill? Ans. $124.95. 20. A dealer bought 8 barrels of turpentine, each containing 31.5 gallons, at $1.12 a gallon, and sold it for $1.37 a gallon; what did he gain? Ans. $63. 21. A man bought a boat load of coal for $250, and by retailing it at $5.75 a ton, he gained $37.50; how many tons in the load? Ans 50 tons. 22. The charge for sending a telegram from New York to Harrisburg is $.40 for 10 words, and 5 cents for each addi tional word; what would a dispatch of 24 words cost me? Ans $1.10. 23. Thomas Williams & Co. sold 420 bushels of new ungraded corn at 60 cents per bushel, and received in exchange 120 bushels of oats at 43 cents per bushel, and No. 1 Minnesota wheat, at $1.67 per bushel; how many bushels did they receive? Ans. 120 bushels. COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS. 221. In Commercial Transactions there are ordinarily three quantities considered, the quantity, the price, and the cost 222. The Quantity is the amount bought or sold, esti mated by the number of times it contains the unit of measure. 223. The Price is the value of one of the units of measure of any commodity. The Cost is the value of the whole quantity. 224. An Aliquot Part of a number is the whole or mixed number which will exactly divide that number. 225. The simple operations of finding price, cost, and quantity have already been sufficiently indicated, and we shall here consider only a few special cases. CASE I. 226. To find the cost of a quantity, the price being an aliquot part of $1. 1. What cost 48 yards of muslin at 12 cents a yard? SOLUTION.-At $1 a yard, the cost would be $48; hence at 12 cents, which is of $1, the cost will be of $48, or $6. Hence the OPERATION. 8)48 6 Rule. Take such a fractional part of the given quantity as the price is of $1. 2. What cost 12 pieces of calico, each containing 32 yards, at 6 cents a yard ? Ans. $24. 3. What cost 4 bales of Sea Island cotton, each containing 300 lb., at 16 cents a pound? Ans. $200. 4. Mrs. Wilson bought a bag of Rio coffee, containing 40 lb., at 33 cents a lb., and 10 lb. of crushed sugar, at 12 cents a lb.; what was the cost of both? Ans. $14.58. 5. Bought 20 yards of black cashmere, at $1.37 a yard, 20 yards of paper muslin, at 10 cents a yard, and 3 dozen crocheted buttons, at 25 cents a dozen; what was my bill? Ans. $30.25. CASE II. 227. To find the cost, the quantity and the price of 100 or 1000 being given. 1. What is the cost of 6501 feet of poplar boards, at $17.25 a thousand? SOLUTION.-If 1000 feet cost $17.25, 1 foot will OPERATION. cost rob of $17.25, and 6501 feet will cost 6501 times T rooʊ of $17.25, which is the same as of 6501 times $17.25, which by multiplying and cutting off three places in the product, we find is $112.14. 17.25 6501 112.14225 Ans. $112.14. Rule.-Multiply the price by the quantity, and point off in the product two places for price per hundred, or ihrer places for price per thousand |