they were unarmed and undisciplined, and as a strong body of Napoleon's troops was advancing against him, he was compelled to abandon the enterprize. The Duke and Duchess of Angouleine were on a progress through the South of France at the period of Napoleon's disembarkation, and they arrived at Bourdeaux on the 2nd of March. It was during a fête given by the merchants on the 4th that the alarming intelligence arrived, and the Duke set out at midnight to avail himself of the zeal which the inhabitants of Provence, particularly of Marseilles, had evinced for the Bourbon cause. The Duchess remained at Bourdeaux, and on the following day M. Lynch, the celebrated Mayor, who had been the first to declare for the Royal cause in the preceding year, with all the civil and military authorities, waited on his Royal Highness, uninvited, to renew their oath of fidelity. The national guards were called out, numerous volunteers enrolled themselves, and the officers of the troops of the line declared that they would answer with their heads for the conduct of the garrison. But the news of Napoleon's successful advance to Lyons cooled the ardour of the latter, and in a few days the tri-coloured flag was hoisted at Fort de Blaye. At this juncture M, de Lainé, the president of the Chamber of Deputies, arrived from Paris, and issued a proclamation in the name of the nation, calling on the Bordelese to use all the means in their power to resist the usurper. Animated by his spirited assistance, the CHAP. XLIII,

YOL. XI.

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Duchess renewed her efforts to place the town in a posture of defence, as a body of Napoleon's troops nnder General Clausel was approaching. Το spare the city from a bombardment the heroic Princess declared her determination to march out at the head of the garrison, and attack the enemy: but the governor said he could not be answerable for the fidelity of the troops. "Then," she replied, "the national guards and volunteers are sufficient." The governor observed that in that case the garrison would follow and place them between two fires. She considered it impossible that they could be guilty of such treachery, and resolved herself to address the troops. For this purpose she repaired to one of the barracks, and placing herself in the midst of a square of infantry, she depicted in lively colours, the character of the invader, and the danger which threatened the country, and reminded them of the oath which they had taken. She was heard with respectful silence. "Will you not fight," said she, "for the daughter of your King?" "No! no!" resounded from every rank. "Will you then remain neutral if the national guards and volunteers advance to the attack?" "No!" they again replied. The Princess burst into tears. "Will you, then, betray me, and give me up to my enemies?" "No!" said they, "but we do not wish for a civil war, and we desire you to quit France." Undismayed by the result of her first attempt, she repaired to another barrack where her eloquence and her tears proved also

unavailing. One officer alone said, "This is too much!" Sheathing his sword, he placed himself by her side, and exclaimed, "I will follow you every where."

As she now perceived that the town could not be effectually defended, her next object was to preserve it from pillage. She repaired to the parade of the national guards and volunteers, who demanded with eagerness to be led against the foe. She replied by requiring from them an oath of obedience. On this being unanimously given, she continued, "Faithful Bordelais! I entreat you to think no longer of defending the city; you are not supported by the troops, and your efforts will be useless." Notwithstanding this prudent advice, the volunteers could with difficulty be restrained from firing on the troops of General Clausel, then drawn up on the opposite side of the river.

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The heroic Princess quitted Bourdeaux on the following day, and embarked at Poillac, on board an English frigate, to which she was accompanied by some officers of the national guards and other loyal inhabitants of Bourdeaux. As she went on board she held out her hand to some English ladies, who seemed much affected. 66 "O! go to our England," said one of them, "you will be cherished there." "Yes, yes," replied the Duchess, "I am now going to your country," and she joined with them in ardent prayers, that this storm would be quickly over. Bourdeaux was now occupied by

the troops of Napoleon, and a few days after Tou-> louse experienced a similar fate.

The Duke of Angouleme had in the mean time assembled an army of near six thousand men, with which he at first gained some success, routing a body of Bonapartists at the passage of the Drome, from whom he took eight hundred prisoners and some cannon. But his troops soon caught the contagion of disloyalty, and after many of them had abandoned his colours, Generals Grouchy and Pire advanced upon him from different points.— The fall of Bourdeaux, Toulouse, and other places in the South having now destroyed every gleam of hope, the Duke was compelled to conclude a convention with General Gilly, by which he agreed to dismiss his army, on condition that his soldiers should not be molested, and that he himself should be permitted to embark for Spain, at the port of Cette. Grouchy, on his arrival refused to accede to this convention, and wrote to Paris for instructions but Napoleon deemed it most prudent to ratify the terms which had been granted by General Gilly, requiring at the same time a promise from the Duke of Angouleme, that he would endeavour to procure the restoration of the crown jewels, which the King had carried with him to Ghent. The surrender of the important ports of Toulouse and Marseilles quickly followed, and in little more than a month after the landing of Napoleon, the Bourbon standard ceased to wave in every town of France.

CHAPTER XLIV.

Declaration of the Allied Powers assembled at the Congress of Vienna.-New Treaty signed by the Allies.-Debate in the British Parliament on the Return of Napoleon.-Speeches of Lord Castlereagh, Sir James Mackintosh, &c.-Measures adopted by Napoleon for consolidating his Government.-Review of the Troops at Paris.-Firmness of the Swiss Colonel D'Affry. Discovery of a Plot for carrying off the Empress Maria Louisa and her Son from Vienna.-Addresses from the various Public Bodies.-Napoleon's Moderation.-Discordant Principles of the New Ministry.-Activity of the Royalists.Abolition of the Censorship of the Press and the Slave Trade. -Measures for conciliating the Foreign Powers.-Napoleon's Letter to the Sovereigns.-Justificatory Manifesto.-The Sieur Brulart. -Resolution of the Allied Sovereigns not to reply to those Documents.-Reasons of the Allies for adhering to the Declaration of the 13th of March.-Proceedings in the British Parliament on the question of Peace or War.Speeches of Mr. Whitbread, Lord Castlereagh, Earl Grey, Lord Grenville, Mr. Grattan and Mr. Plunkett.-The Parliament decides for immediate Hostilities.

Napoleon was deceived when he declared at his landing, "The Congress is dissolved;" for he had scarcely reassumed his government, when the rumour circulated by his friends, that he had concluded a treaty for twenty years with the powers of Europe, was falsified by the denunciation of his person and intentions, by the Representatives of those powers, in the following manifesto, which was published a Vienna on the 13th of March: