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Count these Dogs, and put their number down in words:

Count these pretty Lambs, and put their number down in words:

Count these Cows, and put down their number in figures:

[graphic]

Count these Goats, and put down their num ber in figures:

[graphic][graphic]

Count these Ships, and put down their number in figures:

[graphic]

Count these Books, and put down their number in figures:

Count these Mice, and put down their number in figures:

Now learn to count twenty:

One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.

When you can count twenty, tell the same in numbers.

One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven,' Eight, Nine, 1 2 3

4

5

6 17 8 9

Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen,

10 11 12 Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen,

16

17

13

14

15

Nineteen,

Twenty.

18

[blocks in formation]

Now count twenty without the words to tell the numbers.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.

Now tell the following numbers.

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20.

Now learn to count by tens.

Ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.

Observe how the tens are set down in figures: ten, is a 1 with a cipher 0, thus 10; twenty, a 2 with a cipher, thus 20; thirty, a 3 with a cipher, thus 30; and so on with the other figures.

30

40

Ten, Twenty, Thirty, Forty, Fifty, Sixty, 10 20 50 60 Seventy, Eighty, Ninety. 80 90

70

And AN HUNDRED is a 1 and two ciphers, thus 100.

A-rith-me-tic is the art of easily reckoning numbers. It teaches how to count; to add;

subtract; multiply, and divide. It tells us in numbers any quantity, so that we may know how to buy, or sell, or measure, or reckon by it. I want to buy six cents' worth of candy. Mr. Fish will sell me six sticks of candy for my money; but Mr. Bull will sell me eight sticks. Now, without seeing the candy, I know how many I can get from each, and I buy the eight, because I know, from knowing a-rithme-tic, that eight are more than six. This, indeed, I may know without knowing a-rith-metic well, because it is so sim-ple a part of it, yet still it is a part, and shews its great use, for in the same way we buy and sell houses, lands, goods, and other things, to the amount of many thousands of dollars.

Number is that by which quantity of any kind is expressed; thus we say, one cent, two dogs, three pounds, four pints, and shew how many there are.

Figures are marks of different shapes by which we set down numbers, as 1, 2, 3, &c.

A Cipher, or round 0, means nothing when alone, but when put to the right of any figure it makes that figure of ten times more value, as I when alone means one, but with a cipher so 10, it means ten; 2 when alone means two, but with a cipher so 20, it means twenty; but if it were written so 01 and 02, the cipher would be of no value, and the I would still mean one, and the 2 would still mean two, because the

cipher would be on the left and not on the right-hand side as it faces you.

A unit means one of any thing

An even number is that which will always make two of the same whole number when exactly divided; 2 [two,] 4 [four,] 6 [six,] and so on, are even numbers, and 2 [two] will divide into two ones, 4 [four] will divide into two twos, and so on.

An odd number is that which will not divide into two of the same whole number; thus 1 [one,] 3 [three,] 5 [five,] &c. are odd numbers, because we cannot divide them into two whole numbers, but we must if we divide 1 [one] make two marks for half a number, and if we divide 3 [three] we must make it 11⁄2, which means one and a half.

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