Holland, fabulously said to have given birth to 365 children.

MARGARET, of York, sister of Edward IV., married Charles the Rash, duke of Burgundy, known by the opposition she made to the eleva tion of Henry VII., of England.

MARGARET, countess of Richmond and Derby, married Edward, earl of Richmond, and on his death she was married to Sir Henry Stafford, who dying, she took Thomas Stanley, earl of Derby. She was a woman of virtue and intelligence, and died in 1509.

MARETS, Samuel des, a celebrated French divine, of the Reformed church, born in 1599, died in 1663. A chronological table of the works of this celebrated divine may be found at the end of his "System of Divinity." Their number is prodigious, and the variety of their sub-for her voluminous productions, in letters, plays, jects shows an unbounded genius. poems, philosophical discourses, and orations She died in 1673.

MARGARITONE, an Italian painter, who invented the mode of gilding cn Armenian bole or clay; he died in 1275.

MARGON, William Plantavit de la Pause de, a French author and journalist, who was banished for his libelous publications; he died in 1760.

MARGRAAF, Andrew Sigismund, a celebrated practical chymist, of Berlin, who made great improvements in the modes of analysis. he died in 1782.

MARGUNIO, Massineo, a native of Candia, who printed Greck books at Venice, and afterwards became bishop of Cerigo. He wrote Greek odes, and died in 1602.

MARIA THERESA, queen of Hungary and Bohemia, married Francis Stephen of Lorraine, who was crowned emperor, in 1745. Her reign began with a war, in which all the neighbouring nations were engaged, and Maria was near losing her throne. After the war had continued eight years, a peace was concluded at Aix-la Chapelle, and Maria immediately devoted her

had suffered during the commotion. She built hospitals, encouraged commerce and sciece, and did every thing which humanity and munificence could devise, to render her infirm soldiers comfortable. The king of Prussia, again declared war against her, but in this terrible struggle, she maintained her elevation, and a peace was established. After a long reign, during which she displayed, heroismi, virtue, and charity, to a degree which endeared her to her subjects, she died at Vienna, in 1780.

MARKLAND, Jeremial, a very acute and learned English critic, born in 1693, died in 1776. MARLOE, Christopher, an English dramatic

MARIETTE, Peter John, secretary to the French king, and chancellor comptroller, died in 1774. He wrote on pictures and engravings. MARIGNAN, John James Medichino, mar-author, born about 1562, and bred a student at quis de, a native of Milan, who was prevailed on by Prancis Sforza, duke of Milan, to murder Visconti, a Milanese nobleman; he died in 1555. MARIGNY, James Carpentier de, an ecclesiastic, inore admired for his wit than the purity of his morals. He was the author of poenis, and several histories; he died in 1762.

MARIKOWSKY,Martin, a physician of Hungary, eminent for his writings and practice; he died in 1772.

MARILLAC, Louis de, a French officer, raised by Louis XIII. to the rank of marshal of France, and afterwards found guilty of extortion and peculation, for which he was beheaded, in 1632.

the university of Canbridge; but afterwards, becoming a player, trod the same stage with the incomparable Shakspeare. He was accounted an excellent poet in his time, even by Ben Jonson himself; and Heywood, his fellow-actor, styles him the best of poets. He was murdered in 1593, in an affray.

MARLORAT, Augustin, an Augustine monk, of Lorraine, who embraced the tenets of the protestants, and was an eminent theological writer, he was murdered in 1662.

MARMION, Sheckerley, an English dramatic writer, born in 1602, died in 1639.

MARMOL, Lewis, a Spaniard, taken prison er by the Turks, at Tunis, and kept in slavery MARIN, Michael Angelo, a French novel 8 years. He wrote a description of Africa. writer, whose works tend to promote the cause MARMONTEL, John Francis, a French of virtue and religion; he died in 1767. novelist, admired at once for the vigour and MARINARI, Honorio, an Italian painter, pu-the delicacy of his genius, was born at Bort, in pil and initator of Carlo Dolce; he died in 1715. MARINELLA, Lucretia, an ingenious Venetian lady, who lived in the 17th century, and wrote a work called "A Demonstration that the Women are more noble, more political, more courageous, more knowing, more virtuous, and better Managers, than the Men."

1719. Seldom has wisdom been arrayed in a more charming dress than in his "Moral Tales,' "Belisarius," &c. He died in great retirement. but in a state bordering on want, in 1799. Thres years before his death, being nominated to the legislature, he went to the Electoral Assembly, and, thanking his fellow-citizens for this mark of respect, said to them, "You behold, my friends, a body enfeebled by age; but the heart of an honest man never grows old."

MARNEZIA, N. de Lezia, a member of the French convention, who reprobated the violence of their proceedings, and retired to America. He was the author of several good works, and died in 1797.

MARNIX, Philip de, a native of Brussels who warmly embraced the tenets of Luther He was afterwards consul at Antwerp, and died in 1598.

MAROLLES, Michael de, born in France, in 1600, died in 1681. He attached himself to the translating of ancient Latin writers, was cer tainly a man of great learning, and discovered all his life a love for the arts. He collected about 100,000 prints, and these made one of the ornaments of the French king's cabinet. MAROT, John, a French poet of some emi

MARIUS CAIUS, a celebrated Roman, seven times consul. By a series of exploits, he be-nence, born in Normandy, in 1463, died in 1523 came the most popular commander of Rome, but his disputes with Sylla proved fatal to the Roman people; he died 26 B. C.

MARIUS, Marcus Aurelius, a common soldier, who rose to the imperial purple of Rome. He was a man of astonishing strength of body; but was slain by a soldier soon after his clevation.

MARIVAUX, Peter Carlet de Chamblain de, a French author and writer of romances, born in 1688, died in 1763. The great characteristic of both his works was, to convey a useful moral under the veil of wit and sentiment.

MARK, St., an evangelist, the disciple of Peter, by whose direction he is supposed to have written his Gospel for the use of the Roman Christians, in 72.

MARK, pope, after Silvester J., in 1335; he died the same year.

MAROT, Clement, son of the preceding, celebrated French poet, and valet de chambre te Francis I., born in 1495, died in 1544.

MAROT, Francis, a French painter, the pu pil of la Fosse, died in 1719.

MARQUARD FREHER, a native of Augs burgh, counsellor of state to the elector palatine and professor of civil law at Heidelberg. He wrote several works, and died in 1614.

MARQUET, Francis Nicholas, a native of Nancy, eminent as a physician and botanist He wrote an account of the plants of Lorraine in 10 vols., and some other curious works; be died in 1759.

MARRACCI, Luigi, a very learned Italian theological writer and antiquary, born in 1612, died in 1700. He was author of several pieces in Italian; but the grand work, which has made him deservedly fanious all over Europe, iɛ, his edition of the "Koran," in the original Arabic, with a Latin version, no.es, and confutation of his own.

MARK ANTONY. See ANTONIUS,Marcus. MARKHAM, Gervase, an English poet and miscellaneous_writer, who lived in the reigns of Elizabeth. James I., and Charles I. MARKHAM, William, a nephew of Penn, MARRIER, D. Martin, of Paris, made a cuwas secretary and lieutenant governor of Penn-rious collection of ecclesiastical writers, which sylvania; he died in 1704. he published; he died in 1644.

MARSAIS, Cæsar Chesneau du, a French MARTIALIS, Marcus Valerius, an ancient grammarian and an eminent writer and Christ-Latin poet, born in Spain, A. D. 29. He is ge ian. He wrote for the Encyclopædia, also on neraliy allowed to have excelled all those, whe the Doctrines of the Gallican Church, "True ther ancient or modern, who have attempted Principles of Grammar," "Logic," &c., and the pointed epigram. He died at the age of 75 died in 1756. MARTIANAY, John, a Benedictine, wha MARSH, Narcissus, an eminent Irish prelate, ably edited the works of St. Jerome, in 5 vols. and scholar, bishop of Armagh. He built a no-folio, with a life of that father; he died in 1717. ble library at Dublin, endowed alms-houses, &c. MARTIGNAC, Stephen Algai, lord of, a He was an able orientalist and philosopher, and French writer, who published the lives of the died in 1713. bishops of Paris, and translated Horace, Te MARSH, Ebenezer Grant, professor of lan-rence, Juvenal, Ovid, &c. ; he died in 1698. guages and ecclesiastical history in Yale col- MARTIN, St., was converted to Christianity. lege, died soon after his appointment to that and became bishop of Taurus. He is regarded station, in 1803. as the apostle of Gaul. His confession of faith is still extant; he died in 397.

MARTIN I., pope, caused the doctrines of the

MARSHAL, Walter, an English divine, was ejected from his living, at Hursley, for non-conformity, and went to Gosport, where he preach-Monothelites to be condemned; he died in 655. ed to a dissenting congregation. He wrote some religious works, and died in 1690.

MARSHALL, Thomas, an English divine, and celebrated critic, especially in the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon tongues, born in 1621, died in 1685. MARSHALL, William, an able and eminent writer on "Rural Economy" and statistics. He died in Yorkshire, in 1818.

MARTIN II., pope, after John VIII., in 882; he died two years after.

MARTIN III., a native of Rome, pope after Stephen VIII. He was a benevolent pontiff, and founded several churches; he died in 946.

MARTIN IV., a Frenchman, made pope after Nicholas III.; he died at Perouse, in 1285. MARTIN V., Otho Colonna, an illustrious

gory XII., in 1417.

MARSHALL, Nathanael, D. D., an English||Roman, made pope after the abdication of Gre divine, chaplain to George II., and canon of Windsor. He published sermons in 3 vols., and other works, in 1730.

MARTIN, Benjamin, one of the most celebrated mathematicians and opticians of the age, MARSHAM, sir John, a learned author, born born in London, in 1704, and died in 1782. in London, was one of the six clerks in chance- MARTIN, David, a learned French protestan ry, member for the city of Rochester, and was divine, of most amiable manners, author of a knighted and made a baronet by Charles II. He" History of the Bible," with 424 plates, also is cc.ebrated for his Chronological Dissertation, of sermons, &c.; he died in 1721. and died in 1685.

MARTIN, Dom James, a Benedictine of MARSIGLI, Lewis Ferdinand, an Italian no-Languedoc, who wrote a treatise on the Religion bleman, famous in letters and in arms, born at of the ancient Gauls, a History of the Gauls, Bologna, in 1658, died in 1730. He was founder, and other works; he died in 1751. in 1712, cf the academy of arts and sciences, at MARTIN, Thomas, an English antiquarian. Bologna, called "The Institute," and author He wrote the History of his native town, and of a physical" History of the Sea, and a Dewas in possession of a large collection of antiscription of the Danube, from Vienna to Bel-quities, pictures, &c. ; he died in 1771. grade." MARTIN, Claude, a native of Lyons, who MARSILIUS. See MENANDRINO. went to India as a soldier, but left the army and MARSOLLIER, James, a French historian, remained in that country. He became immense whose works are still read and valued; he diedly rich and built a magnificent edifice at Luck in 1724.

MARSTON, John, an English dramatic author, died about 1634.

know. He then made a very curious, and valu able collection of the natural productions of the country, and died in 1799.

MARSY, Francis Marie de, a French author, MARTIN, Alexander, LL. D., governor of who wrote an Analysis of Bayle, in 4 vols., for the state of North-Carolina, a senator in con which he was sent to the Bastile. He was au-gress from that state, died in 1807. thor of many other works, and died in 1764.

MARTINDALE, Adam, an English mathe

MARSY, Balthasar, an eminent sculptor, ofmatician and divine, who was chaplain, in the Cambray, died in 1763. family of lord Delaware. He was author of MARTEL, Francis, a surgeon, in the service" Land Meter's Vade Mecum, Almanacs, &c.. of Henry IV., of France, author of an Apology for Surgeons, and other works, printed at París, in 1635.

MARTELIERE, Peter de la, an advocate, who distinguished himself in the celebrated tria! between the university of Paris, and the jesuits; he died in 1631.

MARTELLI, Lewis, an Italian poet, died in

1527.

MARTELLI, Peter James, author of seven volumes of prose and verse; he was secretary to the senate of Bologna, and died in 1727.

MARTENNE, Edmund, a Bercdictine of St. Maur, author of a commentary on the Rules of St. Benedict, and some other books; he died in 1739.

and died in 1700.

MARTINEAU, Isaac, a jesuit, confessor and friend to the duke of Burgundy, and author of Psalms of Penitence; he died in 1720.

MARTINI, Raymond, a Dominican friar and great orientalist, who flourished in the 13th century. He was selected at Toledo, in 1250, to study Hebrew and Arabic, in order to confute the Jews and Mahometans. This he attempted in a very learned work, called "Pugio Fidei."

MARTINI, Martin, a jesuit, long resident in China, where he wrote some valuable books. on the mauners and habits of the Chinese, &c.; he died in 1651.

MARTINIERE, Anthony Augustin Bruzen de la, born in 1684, was secretary to the king of MARTIAL, D'Auvergne, a French poet, au- Naples, and geographer to the king of Spain, thor of a historical poein on Charles VII., "Ar-and died in 1749. rets de L'amour," &c., died in 1508 MARTINIUS, Matthias, divinity professor

at Paderborn, and Bremen. He wrote a Phi- husband's sons, of which crime, she was, howlosophical Lexicon, and died in 1630. ever, probably innocent; she died in 1321. MARY, of Anjou, daughter of Lewis II., and wife of Charles VII., of France. She was a woman of a very heroic character, and died in 1463.

MARTINUSIUS, George, or VTISINOVISCH, a native of Croatia, who from a lighter of stoves, became a bishop, minister and friend to the king of Hungary, aud finally a cardinal. He was assassinated in 1551.

MARTINELLI, a landscape painter of great eminence, born at Naples, in 1670, died in 1720. MARTYN, John, a botanical writer, born in London, in 1699, died in 1768.

MARY, daughter of Henry VII., of England, married Lewis XII., of France, and was grandmother to the unfortunate lady Jane Grey; she died in 1534.

MARY THERESA, of Austria, daughter of Philip IV., of Spain, married Lewis XIV., of

MARTYR, Peter, a Milanese, employed as a negotiator by Ferdinand of Spain. He was au-France, in 1660, and died in 1683. thor of a History of the Discovery of America, &c., and died in 1525.

MARTYR, Peter, a distinguished commentator on the Bible, born at Florence, in 1500, died in 1562.

MARY DE MEDICIS, daughter of Francis II., duke of Tuscany, was married to Henry IV., of France, in 1600. She was banished by her son Lewis XIII, together with her favourites and attendants, and died in poverty, at Cologne, in

MARUCELLI, John Stephen, an eminent||1642. Italian painter, died in 1706.

MARULLUS, Michael Tarchanistis, a very learned, but atheistical and blasphemous Greek, who left his native country, and resided in Italy. He was drowned in 1500.

MARY LECZINSKA, daughter of Stanislaus, king of Poland, married Lewis king of France, in 1725, and is represented as a very amiable and virtuous princess; she died in 1768.

MARY, of Cleves, married Henry I., prince MARULLUS, a poet of Calabria in the 5th of Conde. She was loved with so much ardour century, who came to Padua, to wait upon by the duke of Anjou, afterwards Henry III., Attila. Marullus expected an ample reward for that when he came to the throne, he designed the flatteries with which he had filled his pane-to annul her marriage, and take her himself; gyric upon Attila; but when that prince was informed that the poet deduced his origin from Heaven, and styled him a god, he ordered both the verses and the versifier to be burned. Attila, however, forgave him.

but her sudden death, probably by poison, at the age of 18, in 1574, left him disconsolate.

MARY, of Arragon, daughter of Sancho III., wife of Otho, was put to death in 998, for falsely accusing, and destroying the count of Mo dena.

MARVELL, Andrew, a very ingenious political and critical writer and poet, born in 1620, MARY, daughter of Charles, duke of Burdied in 1678. He manfully supported the reli-gundy, married Maximilian, son of the emperor gious and civil liberties of his country, by his Frederic, and thus transferred the dominious writings and his parliamentary interest, against of Burgundy to the house of Austria; she died the arbitrary encroachments of the court on in 1482. both; and repeatedly declined all inducements which the king offered him, to go over to the court party.

MARY, of Austria, daughter of Philip, king of Spain, married, in 1521, Lewis, king of Hungary, who was slain at the battle of Mohats. MARVIELLES, N. de, a French officer, au- She was a woman of courage and firmness, and thor of some poetical pieces of merit, in Latin|a great protector of literature; she died in 1558. and French; he died in 1775.

MARY, the mother of our blessed Saviour, was of the tribe of Judah, and of the royal house of David.

MARY, wife of Cleophas, called in Scripture, the sister of the Virgin, and mother of the apostles James the Less, Simon, Jude, and Joseph.

This

MARY STUART, queen of Scots, famous for her beauty, wit, learning, and misfortunes, daughter of James V., king of Scotland, succeeded her father, in 1542, eight days after her birth. In 1558, she married Francis, dauphin, and afterwards king of France; by which means she became queen of France. monarch dying in 1560, she returned into ScotMARY, queen of England, eldest daughter land, and married her cousin, Henry Stuart, of Henry VIII., and Catharine of Arragon. (lord Darnley,) in 1565; but excluding him from She was a learned woman, but bigoted in the any share of the government (as he suspected) popish superstition, exceedingly jealous, and by the advice of Rizzio, an Italian musician, violent and sanguinary in her resentments. her favourite and secretary, the king, by the asDuring her reign, fire, faggots, and the stake,sistance of some of the principal nobility, sudwere the horrid means used to make proselytesdenly surprised them together, and Rizzio was to the Romish church. The sacrifice of the in- slain in the queen's presence, in 1566. The next nocent lady Jane Grey and her husband, to a year the king was blown up with gunpowder, mean fit of jealousy, showed a degree of barba-in a private house, to which he had retired with rity rarely equalled in civilized life. She mar-a few friends. The earl of Bothwell, the new ried Philip of Spain, whose coldness toward favourite of Mary, was undoubtedly the contriner, together with the loss of Calais, is said to ver of this murder; he was, however, acquitted have so preyed on her mind, that she fell into &by the nobles of his and Mary's party; and, in fever, of which she died in 1558. about two months after, the queen, to the as

MARY, queen of England, wife of William tonishment of all Europe, married this ambiIII., was daughter of James II., by the daughter tious villain. This shameful conduct occasion of lord Clarendon. She is represented as a meek, ed the revolt of the chief nobility, and her best inoffensive character, little inclined to meddle subjects, by whom she was taken prisoner, comwith public affairs, and of a humane and bene-pelled to resign the crown, and her son James volent disposition; she died in 1694. VI., was crowned. The queen soon a'ter es

MARY, daughter of Henry III., duke of Bra-caped from prison and raised an army to oppose bant, married Philip the Bold, of France, in the regent, Murray, but was defeated, and fled 1274. She was accused of poisoning one of her to England, in 1568 where she was detained a

MASON, William, an excellent English poet and divine, born in 1725, died in 1797.

prisoner, charged by her own subjects with the MASON, John, a learned and pious dissentmurder of her husband, king Henry. During ing minister, author of Self Knowledge, Practhe long imprisonment of the queen, she was tical Discourses for Families, and other works. justly considered as the head of the popish par-He died in 1763. ty, who wished to see a princess of their persuasion on the throne of England. She countenanced, if she was not directly concerned in, the plots against the life of Elizabeth, who was reduced to the necessity of sacrificing her to her own personal safety. She was tried for a conspiracy, condemned, and beheaded, in 1587.

MASON, George, an English writer, author of "Essays on Gardening;" "Answer to Tom Paine," and other works; he died in 1806.

MASON, John, one of the early settlers of Connecticut, distinguished for his successful exMARY, a French poetess, who resided in pedition against the Pequot Indians, of which England, in the 13th century. Her poems on he wrote an account; he was commander of the chivalry, &c., are preserved in the British mu-troops and lieutenant governor of the colony. He died in 1673.

seum.

1792.

MAS, Lewis du. See DUMAS. MASON, John, D. D., a native of Scotland, MASACCIO Thomas, an eminent Italian and a distinguished presbyterian clergyman, of painter, who vas regarded as the chief artist | New-York, was eminent for his learning, talents, of the secor age of modern painting he died and eloquence. He died in New-York, in in 1443. MASCARDI, Augustine, a learned Italian je- MASON, George, a distinguished statesman, suit, for whose benefit, pope Urban VII, found-of the state of Virginia, died in 1792. ed a professorship. He was the author of many works, but always poor and in debt. He died in 1640.

MASQUE DE FER, or IRON MASK, a person confined in the bastile, who always wore a mask with steel springs, which concealed his features, without preventing his eating. Though no person could ever discover who he was, it is certain from the treatment he received, that he was a person of high birth. He died in 1708,

MASCARON, Julius, bishop of Agen, and a most eminent French preacher, born in 1634, died in 1703. His eloquence was astonishing; and it is related that his preaching had such an effect upon the Hugonots, that, of 30,000 Calvin-and was buried privately. ists, which he found at his coming to the see of Agen, 28,000 forsook their church.

MASSAC, Jolin Baptist, an eminent French painter, born at Paris, died in 1767. MASSANIELLO, or ANELLO. See ANEL

LO.

MASCHERONI, Laurent, of Bergamo, an eminent mathematician, the well-known author of Compass Geometry, died at Paris, in 1800. MASCLEF, Francis, a French theologician, and canon of Amiens. He wrote a Hebrew grammar, and other books, and died in 1728. MASCRIER, John Baptist de, a French wri-and other works, and died in 1598. ter, author of a description of Egypt, from Mallet's Memoirs, Christian Reflections, &c.; he died in 1760.

MASSARI, Lucio, a native of Bologna, eminent as a historical painter, died in 1633.

MASENIUS, James, a jesuit, professor of eloquence and poetry, at Cologne, and author of a Latin poem on the Fall of Man, from which, it is said, Milton borrowed ideas; he died in 1681.

MASSARIA, Alexander, a physician, born at Vicenza. He wrote "Practice of Medicine,"

MASSASOIT, an Indian sachem, who resided in Naraganset bay, when the pilgrims landed at Plymouth, in 1620. He was distinguished for his friendship to the whites, and for the good faith he always observed toward them. He died about the year 1655.

MASSE, John Baptiste, a Parisian, miniature painter to the French king; he died in 1767.

MASSEI, Raymond, a physician, of Orleans author of Pæan Aurelianus, and other works, about 1600.

MASHAM, lady Damaris, a very learned lady, who wrote a discourse concerning the Love of God. Besides learning, she possessed every other virtue, and died in 1708. MASSENA, Andrew, prince of Esling, one MASIUS, Andrew, born near Brussels, a very of the most distinguished and fortunate of Buolearned orientalist, who wrote a Syriac gram-naparte's field marshals. He was born at Nice, mar, and translated pieces from the Syriac; he in 1758, and commanded in chief in the memodied in 1753. rable compaign of Switzerland; when, at the MASKELINE, Rev. Dr. Nevil, a most emi-battle of Zurich, he had to contend against the nent mathematician, and many years astrono-archduke Charles and marshal Suwaroff; yet, mer royal at Greenwich, was born in 1332, and the fruits of this campaign were 70,000 prisoners! educated at Cambridge. He determined the He ended his military career by the command method of finding the longitude at sea by lunar of the army of Portugal, in 1810-11, and died observations. He published "The Nautical in 1817.

Almanac," and several other scientific works, MASSEVILLE, Lewis le Vavasseur de, a and died in 1811. native of Montebourg, an able topographical MASO, Thomas, or FINIGUERRA, a gold-writer, and author of a History and Geography smith, of Florence, said to have invented the of Normandy; he died in 1733. art of taking impressions from engravings on MASSIEU, William, an ingenious and copper, about 1480. learned French writer on classical antiquity, MASON, Francis, a native of Durham, chap-and author of an edition of Demosthenes, born lain to James I., and author of some valuable in 1665, died in 1722. writings; he died in 1621.

MASON, Sir John, a statesman of eminence, in the reign of Henry VIII., and his successors. Henry employed him on several embassies, and made him his privy counsellor. He maintained hi influence at court under Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth; he died in 1566.

MASSILLON, John Baptiste, a very celebrated preacher, of France, and considered in that country as a consummate master of eloquence, was born in 1663, died in 1742.

MASSINGER, Philip, an excellent English dramatic poet, born in 1585, died in 1639. He was held in high esteem by the poets of that