astic, who was grand vicar of Sens, the envoy of France, at Rome, archbishop of Embrun, and of Lyons, a cardinal, and prime minister of France; he died in 1758.

TENCIN, Claudine Alexandrine Guorst de, sister of the preceding, was a member of the monastery, of Montfleuri. She exchanged the convent for the dissipations of Paris, and died in 1749. She wrote the "Siege of Calais," a romance, &c.

TENIERS, David, a much admired Flemish painter, died in 1649

TENISON, Dr. Thomas, archbishop of Can terbury, and a celebrated polemic writer against papery, died in 1715.

painter, died in 1711. His two brothers, Matthew and Elias, also excelled as painters.

TESTA, Peter, an Italian painter and engraver, who was drowned in the Tiber, in 1650. TESTELIN, Lewis, an eminent French his torical painter, died at Paris, in 1655. His brother Henry also excelled as a painter, and died in 1696.

TESTI, Fulvio, an Italian poet, and prime minister to Francis, duke of Modena, died in 1646. TESTZELL,John, a Dominican, of Germany. He was commissioned to publish the indulgences of the holy see; and the zeal with which he executed the duties of the office, caused the animadversions of Luther, and consequently, the reformation. When charged with being the Vir-cause of the disasters of the church, he was so afflicted with the imputation, that he died of a broken heart, in 1519.

THACHER, Thomas, a minister in Boston, and eminent as a Hebrew scholar, died in 1678. THACHER, Peter, minister of Milton, Mass., and author of sermons, died in 1727. There prece-were two other clergymen of the same name, clergy-one minister in Boston, in 1723, the other of Middleborough, Mass., in 1709.

THEMISTOCLES, a renowned Athenian general, admiral and patriot, who gained the battle of Salanine against the Persians, was born in 530 B. C. Being banished by his ungrateful fellow citizens, he fled to Artaxerxes, TERRAY, Joseph Marie, comptroller-general, king of Persia; but to avoid taking up arms minister of state, and director-general of build-against his country, he slew himself 465 B. C. ings, in France; and was a man of great integrity, loyalty and patriotism. He retired from office, in 1774, with the respect of the virtuous, and died in 1778.

THEODORET, bishop of Cyprus, an illustrious ecclesiastical historian, died in 457, aged 71 THEODORIC, king of the Goths in Italy, a renowned warrior and legislator, died in 526, aged 71.

THEODORUS, a bishop of Cilicia, who died in 428. His works, some of which are extant, were condemned as heretical by a general council. THEODOSIUS the Great, the last Roman TERWESTEN, Augustin, an eminent Dutch||emperor, a convert to Christianity and a re

nowued general and legislator, died in 395. His THIERKY, of Niem, secretary to several of Bons Arcadius and Honorius, made a division the popes, and author of a "History of the of the empire into east and west; Arcadius be-Schisms of the Popes," died in 1417. ing the first emperor of the East, and Honorius

THEODOSIUS the Younger, son of Arcadius, whom he succeeded in the empire of the East, and famous for a code of laws styled the Theodocian code, died in 450.

THEODOTUS, a tanner, of Byzantium, who apostatized from the Christian faith, to save his life, and founded a new sect, which denied the divinity of Christ. Another of the same name, was the head of a sect, which maintained that the Messiah was inferior to Melchisedeck. THEOGNIS, an eminent Greek poet, who flourished about 550 B. C.

THEON, a Greek sophist, author of a Treatise on Rhetoric.

THEON, a mathematician, of Alexandria, in the age of Theodosius, wrote a Commentary on Euclid.

THEOPHANES, George, a historian and ecclesiastic, of Constantinople, who was ban-lish prelate, bishop of Worcester, died in 1689. ished into Samothrace, and died there in 818. THEOPHANES, Prokopowitch, metropolitan of Russia, and a historian; he died in 1736. THEOPHILUS, a writer, and bishop of the imitive church, born and educated a heathen, ad afterwards converted to Christianity; he ied in 182. He was the first who applied the rm Trinity, to express the three persons in he Godhead.

THOMPSON, Benjamin, count Rumford, THIELIN, John Philip, a nobleman of Mech-was born in New-Hampshire, became a colonel lin, distinguished as a painter, was born in 1618. in the British army, and after peace, received THIENY I., king of France, ascended the the honour of knighthood. In the Bavarian serthrone in 670, and died in 691, aged 39. vice he was lieutenant-general, and a count of THIERRY II. or IV., son of Dagobert III., the Holy Roman Empire, and died near Paris, was taken from a cloister to ascend the throne in 1814. He was a member of many scientific of France; he died in 737, aged 25. institutions, and did much to promote comTHIERRY I., son of Clovis I., king of Aus-fort and convenience by his mechanical inventrasia, his reign was disturbed by invasions of the Danes, and quarrels with his brother; he died in 534, after a reign of 23 years.

THIERRY II., king of Burgundy and Aus- THOMSON, James, an excellent British dra trasia, and son of Childebert, was engaged in matic and pastoral poet, born at Edram, in 1700, quarrels with his brother, whom he suffered and died in 178. His "Seasons," and other to be put to death. He was poisoned by his works, are justly admired. mother-in-law, in 613

writer and editor, of Scotland, died in 1817, leaving several valuable books.

THORESBY, Ralph, an eminent English topographer and antiquary, died in 1725.

TIBULLUS, Aulus Albius, a celebrated Latin elegiac poet and critic, died A. D. 17.

TICKELL, Thomas, an English poet, and one of the writers in the Spectator, died in 1740. TICKELL, Richard, grandson of the former,

THORIUS, Raphael, an eminent French physician and medical writer, died of thea distinguished wit and poet, and author of plague in London, in 1629. several works, died in 1793.

THORNDIKE, Herbert, an English divine,| prebendary of Westminster, and author of a Treatise on Weights and Measures, &c., died in 1672.

TIDEMAN, Philip, a painter, of Hamburg, died in 1705.

TIEDEMANN, Dietrich, a native of Bremen, was professor of Greek and Latin at Cassel, THORNHILL, sir James, an English histor-||and afterwards of philosophy at Marpurg. His ical painter, died in 1732.

THORNTON, Bonnel, an ingenious English poet, essayist, miscellaneous writer, and translator of Plautus, died in 1768.

writings possess great merit, and indicate deep erudition. He died in 1803.

TIGNY, G. de, a French naturalist, author of a valuable "Natural History of Insects," died in 1803.

THORNTON, Mathew, a judge of the supreme court, of New-Hampshire, was a mem- TIGRANES, king of Armenia, who was conber of congress from that state, and one of the quered by the Romans, but preserved his domisigners of the declaration of Independence; henions by a bribe. Pompey afterwards conquered died in 1803. him, and sent him in chains to Rome. TILINGIUS, Matthias, an eminent physiTHOYNARD, Nicholas, a learned French-cian, and medical writer, of Westphalia, died man, eminent for his knowledge of history and in 1615. medals, died in 1706.

THOU. See THUANUS.

TILLEMANS, Peter, a distinguished landTHRASYBULUS, a renowned Athenian gen-scape painter, of Antwerp, who went to Engeral and patriot, who delivered his country land, where he was patronised by the great, from the yoke of the 30 tyrants, was killed and died there in 1734. 304 B. C.

THUANUS, Jacobus Augustus, or THOU, an eminent magistrate and historian, of France, died in 1617, leaving behind him a "General History of the World," written in very clear and excellent Latin.

THUCYDIDES, a celebrated Greek historian, of Athens; he wrote a "History of Grecian Affairs in his own Times," and died 391 B. C. THUILLIER, Dom. Vincent, a celebrated French preacher, author of "Letters on the Bull Unigenitus," &c., died in 1736.

TILLEMONT, Sebastian de Nain de, a French writer, born in 1637, author of "Ilistoire des Empereurs, et Ecclesiastique;" he died in 1698.

TILLET, N. du, a distinguished French agriculturalist. He wrote several valuable works or agriculture, and died in 1791.

TILLI, John Tzerclaes, count de, a German officer, who distinguished himself in the warg with the Turks, and with Denmark. He was at the head of the imperial armies, and was mortally wounded at Ingoldstadt, in 1652.

TILLI,Michael Angelo,physician to the grand duke, and professor in the university of Pisa, died in 1740.

THUNBERG, Charles Peter, an eminent Swedish botanist, the friend and pupil of Linnæus. After spending several years in Japan, Ceylon, and at the Cape of Good Hope, in mak- TILLOTSON, Dr. John, archbishop of Caing botanical researches, he was appointed pro-terbury, was the son of a clothier, and died in fessor of botany at Upsal, and died about 1799. 1694. He published many valuablę sermons. TIMÆUS, a philosopher, of Locris, the pupil of Pythagoras, and author of a Treatise on the Nature of the Soul.

THURLOE, John, secretary of state to the two protectors, Oliver and Richard Cromwell, died in 1668. He was a man of very amiable character, and exercised all possible moderation toward persons of every party.

TIMAGENES, a historian, of Alexandria. He was a slave, in the service of Augustus, and THURLOW, Edward lord, an eminent En-burnt his history of the reign of that emperor, glish lawyer, was attorney and solicitor general when discarded from his protection.

TIMOTEO, da Urbino,an eminent landscape, historical, and portrait painter, of Urbino, died in 1524.

to the king, a member of parliament, and lord TIMOLEON, a renowned Corinthian general, high chancellor of England. He possessed a and the deliverer of Syracuse from the yoke of vigorous, and active mind, added to close appli-Dionysius the tyrant, died 337 B. C. cation, which gave him a high rank among the TIMON, an Athenian misanthrope, who deprofessional men of his day. He died in 1806. clared himself the enemy of the human race, THYSIUS, Anthony, a Dutch philologer, pro-and said he loved Alcibiades, because he would fessor of poetry and eloquence at Leyden, and one day prove the ruin of Athens. librarian to the university, died in 1670. TIARINI, Alexander, an eminent portrait and historical painter, of Bologna, died in 1668. TIBALDI, Pelegrino, an eminent painter, TIMOTHEUS, a musician, of Miletus, au culptor, and architect, of Bologna, was enno-thor of a poem in honour of Diana of th. ed by the king of Spain for his merit, and died Ephesians, died 557 B. C. in 1592. His son Dominico, was also distinguished as an architect, and died in 1583. TIBERIUS, Claudius Nero, emperor of Rome, after Augustus. He disgraced himself by bauchery and cruelty, and died A. D. 37.

TIMOTHY, the disciple of St. Paul, and one of the primitive heralds of the cross. He was made first bishop of Ephesus, and is said to have de-been stoned to death for opposing the worship of Diana, A D. 97.

TIBERIUS, Constantine, raised by his merit to the throne of the Eastern empire, became the father of his people, and is equally extolled for his valour, his love of justice, and his clemency;ing, chaplain to Greenwich hospital, a miscel be died in 582.

TINDAL, Dr. Matthew, a most celebrated
English polemical writer, died in 1733.
TINDAL, Nicholas, nephew to the preced.
laneous writer, &c. died in 1774.

TINDALL, William, an English divine and antiquary, and a miscellaneous writer, died in

1804.

TOMKINS, Thomas, a most eminent and distinguished artist in ornamental penmanship, died in 1816.

TOMPION, Thomas, a most eminent English watchmaker, died in 1696.

TINELLI, Tiberio, an eminent historical and portrait painter, of Venice, made a knight of St. Michael, by Louis XII., and died in 1638. TOMPKINS, Daniel D., for many years TINTORETTO, James, so called because he governor of the state of New York, and afterwas a dier's son, for his real name was Giaco-wards vice-president of the United States durmo Robusti, a famous Venetian historical paint-ing the administration of Mr. Monroe. He may er died in 1594. justly be ranked among the greatest and best

TIPPOO SAIB, succeeded his father Hyder-friends of his country; and his zeal and services Ally, as king of Mysore, and of the Mahrattas, in the war with Great Britain, deservedly acdistinguished by his hostility and opposition to quired for him the esteem of every section of the the Great Mogul, and to the English. He was union. He died in June, 1825.

the patron of literature and the arts, and was TONSTALL, Cuthbert, an English scholar, killed by the British, in the storming of Seringa-distinguished for his knowledge of mathematics patam, about 1799. and divinity, was made bishop of London, and TIRABOSCHI, Jerome, a learned jesuit, was of Durham, and lord privy seal, by Henry VIII., professor of rhetoric at Milan, and librarian to and died in 1559. the duke of Modena. He wrote a "History of Italian Literature from the days of Augustus," a work of great merit, and died in 1794

TOOKE, George, an English soldier, who, during the civil wars, devoted himself to literary pursuits, and to poetry; he died in 1675. TIRAQUEAU, Andrew, an eminent French TOOKE, Thomas, à learned English teacher, lawyer, counsellor of the parliament of Bour-master of a school at Bishop Stortford, which, deaux, and afterwards of Paris; he was a vo- under his care, gained great celebrity; he died luminous writer, and died in 1574. in 1721. TISSOT, S. A. D., a celebrated physician and medical writer, of Switzerland, died in 1797. TITIAN, or TITIANO, a celebrated Italian painter, died in 1576.

TITLY, Walter, an English writer, and an ambassador to Copenhagen, died in 1754.

TOOKE, John Horne, an English politician and writer, author of "Diversions of Purley," &c.; he died in 1812.

TOOKE, Andrew, a learned English divine, and professor of geometry in Gresham college, died in 1731.

TITON DU TILLET, Everard, a French TOOKE, William, F. R. S., was bred a jesuit, distinguished for his learning, and for a printer, but at 27 obtained ordination, and beorazen Parnassus, which he planned and erected came chaplain to the British factory, at St. Pe in honour of Louis XIV.; he died in 1762. tersburgh. After many years' residence there, TITUS, a Greek disciple of St. Paul, con-he returned to his own country, and passed a verted by him to Christianity, and made bishop of Crete, where he died.

TITUS VESPASIAN, a Roman emperor, son of Vespasian, who once exclaimed, "I have ost a day!" because he could not recollect that he had done any remarkable good action on that day. He died A. D. 81.

literary life; he died in 1820.

TOPHAM, Thomas, an Englishman, cele brated for great personal strength, died in 1749. TOPHAM, Edward, an English writer, proprietor of a periodical paper called the "World," and author of "Letters from Edinburgh," some dramas, &c.; he died in 1820.

TIXIER, John, lord of Ravisy, called also TOPLADY, Augustus Montague, a zealous RAVISIUS TEXTOR, an elegant French scho-and able Calvinistic divine, died in 1778. ar, and miscellaneous writer, died in 1522. TOALDO, Joseph, an Italian physician, and teacher of mathematics in the university of Padua; he published Journals on Astronomy and Meteorology, and died in 1797.

TOBIN, Johu, a solicitor in London, and a dramatic writer, died in 1804.

TODD, Hugh, D. D., an English divine, author of a "Description of Sweden," and other works, died about 1710.

TOIRAS, John Caylard de St. Bonnet, marquis de, a distinguished French general, was marshal of France, and afterwards a general in the army of the duke of Savoy; he was killed in the Milanese, in 1636.

TORFÆUS, Thormodus, historiographer to the king of Denmark, author of a History of Norway, and other works, died in 1720.

TORRE, N., a native of the Milanese, distinguished as a chymist and a pyrotechnist. It is said that he discovered a method of preparing an unextinguishable fire. He died in 1780.

TORRENTIUS, Lævinus, a native of Ghent, eminent as a scholar, and as an ambassador, was made bishop of Antwerp, and died in 1595. TORRENTIUS, John, a very fine but immoral painter, of Amsterdam, died in 1640. TORREY, Samuel, minister of Weymouth, for 50 years, died in 1707.

TORRICELLI, Evangeliste, an illustrious mathematician and philosopher, of Italy, died

TOLAND, John, a very famous political, polemical, and miscellaneous writer, and anti-in 1647. quary, died in 1722.

TORY, Geoffrey, a professor of philosophy in TOLLET, Elizabeth, an English lady, emi-the college of Burgundy, was afterwards a nent for her knowledge of mathematics, andprinter, and greatly improved the art; he died the languages; she wrote some poems, &c., and in 1550. died in 1754. TOSCANELLA, Paul, an eminent astronoTOLLIUS, Jacobus, a learned physician, of mer, who is supposed to have formed the first Strecht, became professor of Greek and elo-idea of a passage to the East, by the Cape of quence, at Brandenburg, and died in 1696. His Good Hope; he died about 1490. brother Cornelius was professor of the same branches at Harderwyck.

TOLEMMEI, Claudio, bishop of Corsala, was listinguished as a poet and orator, and as a earned man; he died in 1557.

TOSTATUS, Alphonso, a doctor, of Sala, manca, and bishop of Avilla, distinguished for his eloquence and his writings, died in 1454.

TOTILA, king of the Goths, defeated the troops of the emperor Justinian, obtained pos

session of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily,|| TRAPEZUNTIUS, Georgius, a Greek and and sacked Rome; he was afterwards killed in Latin critic and commentator, born in Crete, battle, in 552. and died in 1485.

TOTTIN, John, an eloquent and popular English preacher, died in 1775.

TOULMIN, Joshua, an English Unitarian clergyman, author of the "Life of Socinus," "Biography of Dr. Priestley," and other works; he died in 1815.

TOUP, Jonathan, a divine, and a very learned critic in the classics, died in 1785.

TOURNEFORT, Joseph Pitton de, a famous French botanist, and natural historian, died in 1708.

TRAPP, Joseph, an English divine and poet· he translated Virgil's Æneid in blank verse, and died in 1747.

TRAVERSARI, Ambrose, a monk, born near Florence, in 1386. He translated Diogenes Laertius into Latin, which is acknowledged to pos sess some inerit.

TRAVIS, George, an English divine and controversial writer, was archdeacon and preben[dary of Chester, and died in 1797. TREADWELL, John, LL. D., lieutenantTOURNELY, Honore, a distinguished French governor, and governor of the state of Conecclesiastic, was professor of theology at Douay,necticut, died in 1823. He was distinguished and a popular preacher; he died in 1729. for his sound judgment, strict integrity, and ar dent piety, and was a good citizen and an upright magistrate.

TOURRETTE, Mark Anthony Lewis Claret de la an eminent French naturalist, who formed a valuable collection of insects and herbs, and cultivated not less than 3000 rare and choice plants in his garden. He died in 1793.

TOURVILLE, Anne Hilarion de Costentin de, a celebrated French admiral, who distinguished himself against the Algerines and Spanfards, and afterwards defeated the combined fleets of England and Holland. He was made a marshal of France, and died in 1701.

TREAT, Robert, deputy governor in 1676, and afterwards governor of the colony of Connec ticut; he died in 1710.

TREAT, Samuel, an eminent clergyman, of New-England, son of the preceding, died in 1717. TREMANE, Nicholas and Andrew, twins, born in Devonshire: they were alike in features, and, though at a distance, and without any intelligence given, they equally desired to walk, sit, eat, and drink at the same times, and were both slain together in battle, in France, in 1562. TREMBLEY, Abraham, a native of Geneva author of "Instructions on Natural Religion,” and other works, died in 1784.

TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, a mulatto, of St. Domingo, who rose to command in the French army under Rochambeau. He possessed unbounded influence over the blacks of that island, and became the head of all power, civil and military, among them. In the exercise of TREMELLIUS, Immanuel, a Jew, who was his authority he formed a constitution, and converted to Christianity, and became a protestadopted the wisest and most humane regula-ant divine, and professor of Hebrew at Heidletions. He was treacherously betrayed, and im-berg, and afterwards at Sedan. He published prisoned by the French, and died, not without a translation of the Bible, and died in 1580. suspicion of violence, in 1803. TREMOILLE, or TRIMOUILLE,Louis de la, TOWERS, Dr. Joseph, an eminent English viscount de Thouars, a French general, who dissenting minister, and an able writer in the was distinguished no less by his valour and sucvarious departments of theology, criticism, biog-cess in the field, than by his ability as a negoraphy, politics, and law; he died in 1799. tiator and ambassador; he fell at the battle of Pavia, in 1525.

TRÉMOLLIERE, Peter Charles, an eminent French painter, died at Paris, in 1739.

TOWNLEY, Charles, an eminent English antiquary, celebrated for his collection of verses, medals, and other antiquities, and for the taste and zeal he displayed in collecting them. He TRENCHARD, John, an illustrious Engliel died in 1805. patriot and political writer, died in 1723. TOWNSEND, Joseph, an English clergyman, TRENCK, Francis, baron de, a Prussian noauthor of a "Journey through Spain," "Ableman, who was imprisoned for his imprudent Guide to Health," and several other works; he conduct, and afterwards published his memoirs, died in 1816. containing an account of his sufferings and adTOWNSON, Thomas, D.D., an eminent Eng-ventures. He was guillotined in France, in lish divine, celebrated for his discourses on the 1794. four Gospels, and other religious works, died in TRESHAM, Henry, a painter and poet, born 1792. in Ireland. He was a member of the Royal TOZZETTI, John Targioni, an eminent bo- Academy, in London, and wrote, among other tanist and physician, of Florence, was pro-pieces, "The Sea-Sick Minstrel;" he died in fessor of botany at that place, and a member of 1814. several learned societies of Europe. He was TREVISANI, Francis, an eminent landscape the first who introduced inoculation into Tus-and historical painter, of Trieste. He settled, cany, and died in 1780. and died at Rome, in 1746.

TRACY, Uriah, an eminent lawyer, of Connecticut, and a member of the senate of the United States, from that state, died in 1807.

TRADESCANT, John, a Dutchman, who settled in England, as superintendent of the gardens of Charles I., and known as one of the first collectors of medals, and objects of natural history. He died in 1652.

TRAJAN, M. Alpir.us Crinitus, a Roman emperor, celebrated in history for his mild and equitable government, and for his valour in the field, died in 117.

TRALLIAN, Alexander, a celebrated Greek writer on physic, flourished about 550.

TREVISI, Jerome, a native of Trevisi, dis tinguished as a painter, died in 1544.

TRIMMER, Sarah, an English lady, eminent for her exertions in support of Sunday schools, and other religious institutions, died in 1810. TRISSINO, John George, an eminent Italian poet, died in 1550.

TRIVULCE, John James, a native of Milan, who being banished his country, entered into the service of Charles VIII., king of Franc and was made a marshal of the kingdom. He repeatedly distinguished himself in battle, and died in 1518.

TROGUS POMPEIUS, author of a History of