Antiquities. The country abounds in magnificent ruins. Various monuments of ancient grandeur are to be seen on the site of ancient Carthage, 10 miles NE. of Tunis. There are also magnificent ruins at Spaitla and other places.

TRIPOLI.

Chief city. Tripoli, the capital, is situated on the coast of the Mediterranean, and has an excellent harbour. The streets are narrow and the houses mean. Population 20,000.

BARCA.

Barca is subject to Tripoli, and is an extensive tract lying between Tripoli and Egypt.

Soil. The western part is tolerably fertile, but the interior and the whole region bordering on Egypt is a desert of sand.

Chief towns. The chief towns are Derne and Bingazi. Derne, the capital, is situated near the coast of the Medi terranean, and is famous for the exploits of Gen. Eaton, who took it in 1805.

BILEDULGERID.

Biledulgerid, which signifies a Country of Dates, is situated on the south of Algiers and Tunis.

The soil is mostly dry and barren, producing scarcely any food except dates.

The inhabitants are Brebers and Arabs, who are under a kind of subjection to Algiers and Tunis.

WESTERN AFRICA.

Western Africa comprises all the countries on the coast between the desert of Sahara and Benguela. These countries are but little known.

Inhabitants. The inhabitants are Negroes, and are ignorant and superstitious. Some of the most numerous tribes are the Jaloffs, Foulahs, and Mandingoes.

Divisions Guinea is an extensive country north of the gulf of Guinea. The coast of Guinea is divided into the Grain coast, Ivory coast, and Gold coast. Ashantee, back of the Gold coast, is one of the most powerful states in Western Africa. Dahomey and Benin are east of Ashantee. South of Benin are Biafra, Loango, Congo, Angola, and Benguela.

Towns. Teemboo is the chief town of the Foulahs; Coosmasie of Ashantee; Abomey of Dahomey; Benin of the country of Benin.

Climate. The climate is very hot and unhealthy to Europeans.

Rivers. The principal rivers are the Senegal, Gambia, Grande, and Congo or Zaire.

Commerce. The inhuman traffic of the slave trade has for many years formed the principal part of the commerce of the western coast of Africa. Other articles of commerce, besides slaves, are gold, ivory, Guinea pepper, dyewood, wax, and hides.

English settlements. SIERRA LEONE. The river Sierra Leone gives name to a country, and to an English colony, containing about 13,000 inhabitants. This settlement was formed with a design to colonize free negroes, and promote the civilization of Africa. Here are about 20 missionaries engaged in the benevolent employment of teaching the Africans the elements of learning and religion, and the arts of civilized life.

Freetown, the chief town in the settlement, is situated on the river, about 6 miles above its mouth, has an excellent harbour, and about 4,000 inhabitants.

SOUTHERN AFRICA.

Colony of the Cape of Good Hope.

Extent. This is the most important colony that the English possess in Africa.

It embraces a territory about 550

miles long, and 230 broad.

Population. The population is 62,000.

Chief town. Cape Town, the capital, is pleasantly situated upwards of 30 miles from the Cape, and contains about 18,000 inhabitants.

Face of the country. The leading feature of the territory consists in three ranges of mountains, running parallel to each other, and to the southern coast of Africa. The elevation of the third and highest range is estimated at 10.000 feet. It is always covered with snow.

Soil. A large portion of the country is barren and unfit for cultivation; but there are many tracts that are fertile.

Produce. Wine and brandy are the staple commodities.

CAFFRARIA is the name applied to a large country, extending from Mozambique and Benguela north, to the colony of the Cape of Good Hope south.

Some parts of the country, particularly towards the eastern side, are fertile; but towards the west there are extensive deserts.

This country is occupied by various savage tribes; the principal of which are Hottentots and Caffres.

Leetakoo, the chief town, contains about 10,000 inhabi

tants.

Missionaries. About 20 missionary stations have been formed in this part of Africa, occupied by missionaries of different denominations.

EASTERN AFRICA.

Divisions. This division extends from Caffraria to Egypt, and includes the countries of Natal, Monomotopa, Mocaranga Sofala, Mozambique, Quiloa, Zanguebar, Magadoxa, and Adel.

Towns. There are few towns of much importance. Some of the most considerable are Mozambique, Sofala, Melinda, Mombaza, Magadoxa, and Berbera.

Character. The countries on the eastern coast, from Caffraria to the Straits of Babelmandel, are less known than those on the western coast; but they are very similar with regard to soil, climate, the objectsof trade, and the inhabitants.

These countries have been colonized only by the Por tuguese.

Rivers. The principal rivers which flow into the Indian ocean, are the Manica, Sofala, Zambese or Cuama, and Magudoxa.

Commerce. The commerce of these countries consists in gold, ivory, and slaves.

ABYSSINIA.

Divisions. Abyssinia is formed into three great divisions; 1. Tigre; 2. Amhara; 3. Shoa and Efat. These are subdivided into various smaller districts.

Chief towns. Gondar, the chief town, is situated on a hill, near the lake of Dembea, and contains, in time of peace, about 50,000 inhabitants. The houses are built of clay, and are of only one story.

Axum, the former capital, exhibits extensive ruins, and

has about 600 houses.

Adowa, the capital of Tigre, contains about 8,000 inhabitants, and has considerable manufactures of cotton cloths.

Antalo contains about 10,0DO inhabitants. Massuah and Arkiko, on the Red sea, are the principal ports. Among the other towns are Dixan, Siré, Emfras, Chelicut, and Tegulet.

Rivers. The principal rivers are the Abyssinian branch of the Nile, and the Tacazze.

Lake. Dembea is the principal lake, and is supposed to be about 450 miles in circumference.

Climate. The climate is generally fine, but subject to great rains.

Face of the country. Abyssinia is a very mountainous country. The principal ranges are the mountains of Geesh, Amid-Amid, Lamalmon, and a branch of the Mountains of the Moon.

Soil. "The country is generally well watered and very fertile, and vegetable and animal productions are abundant.

Government. The government is despotic, but the political condition of the people is extremely disordered, and civil wars are very frequent.

Religion. The professed religion is Christianity; but its doctrines and precepts are little understood or regarded.

Inhabitants. The inhabitants are in a low state of civili. zation, and many of their customs are extremely barbarous. Human life is but little more respected than that of brutes. Marriage is a slight connexion, formed and dissolved at pleasure. The houses are mere hovels, of a conical form, with thatched roofs.

NUBIA.

Nubia is an extensive country comprising several kingdoms, of which Sennaar and Dongola are the principal. It is watered by the Nile and its branches.

Soil. The country consists chiefly of sandy deserts, but on the rivers the soil is very fertile.

Sennaar, the capital of the kingdom of the same name, is situated on the eastern branch of the Nile. The houses are of one story, built of clay. Population estimated at 100,000.

Suakem, a port on the Red sea, has considerable trade. The kingdom of Sennaar is of considerable extent, though but little known.

Dongola, capital of the kingdom so called, is a meanly built town, situated on the Nile.

CENTRAL AFRICA.

The greater part of this vast division is wholly unexplored; but it is known to contain some populous king

doms.

Some of the principal kingdoms that have been visited by European travellers, are Darfur, Bornou, Fezzan, Kassina, Houssa, Tombuctoo, and Bambarra.

Religion. The prevailing religion in these countries, is Mahometanism.

Commerce. The commerce of these countries is carried on with Cairo and the towns of Barbary. The exports consist of slaves, gold dust, ivory, &c.