TABLE showing the relative length of Foreign Road Measures compared with BRITISH.

Measures of Surface.

FRENCH. Old System.-1 Square Inch

1 Arpent (Paris)

1 Arpent (woodland)

New System.-1 Are

46

Berri

= 1.1364 U. S. inches.
900 square toises.

= 100 square royal perches.
= 100 square metres.
= 10 ares.

TABLE showing the relation of Foreign Measures of Surface compa

red with BRITISH.

BRITISH. The Imperial gallon measures 277.274 cubic inches, containing 10 lbs. avoirdupois of distilled water, weighed in air, at the temperature of

620, the barometer at 30 inches.

For Grain. 8 bushels = 1 quarter.

1 quarter 10.2694 cubic feet.

Coal, or heaped measure. 3 bushels

12 sacks

1 sack.

1 chaldron.

Imperial bushel 2218.192 cubic inches.

*Heaped bushel, 194 ins. diam., cone 6 ins. high

2815.4872 cub. ins.

1 chaldron 58.658 cubic feet, and weighs 3136 pounds.

1 chaldron (Newcastle) = 5936 pounds.

FRENCH. New System.-1 Litre 1 cub. decimetre, or 61.074 U. S. cub. ins. Old System.-1 Boisseau 13 litres = 793.964 cub. ins., or 3.43 galls 1 Pinte 0.931 litres, or 56.817 cubic inches.

SPANISH. 1 Wine Arroha 4.2455 gallons.

1 Fanega (common measure) 1.593 bushels.

* When heaped in the form of a true cone.

TABLE showing the relative Capacity of Foreign Dry Measures com

pared with BRITISH.

For the Square and Cubic Measures of other countries, take the length of the measure in table, page 17, and square or cube it as required.

Measures of Weight.

.003961 cubic inches of distilled water. 1 troy Pound 22.815689 cubic inches of water.

BRITISH. 1 troy Grain =

FRENCH. Old System.-1 Grain

0.8188 grains troy.

58.9548

66

1 Millier 1000 Kilogrammes = 1 ton sea weight.

=2.204737 lbs. avoirdupois.

1 Pound avoirdupois =0.4535685 Kilogramme.

1 Pound troy

=0.3732223

66

=1.0152 lbs. avoirdupois.

SPANISH

NOTE. In the new French system, the values of the base of each measure, viz., Metre, Litre, Stere, Are, and Gramme, are decreased or increased by the following words prefixed to them. Thus,

TABLE showing the relative value of Foreign Weights compared with

TABLE for finding the Distance of Objects at Sea, in Statute Miles.

The difference in two levels is as the square of the distance.

Thus, if the height is required for 2 miles,

12:22:6.99: 27.96 inches;

and if for 100 miles, 12: 1002: 6.99: 1.103+ miles.

For Geographical miles, the distance for one mile is 7.962 inches.

EXAMPLE. If a man at the foretop-gallant mast-head of a ship, 100 feet from the water, sees another and a large ship (hull to), how far are the ships apart?

A large ship's bulwarks are, say 20 feet from the water.

Then, by table, 100 feet

20 66

Distance

= 13.23
= 5.92

19.15 miles.

NOTE. should be added for horizontal refraction.

To Reduce Longitude into Time.

Multiply the number of degrees, minutes, and seconds by 4, and the product is the time.

EXAMPLE. Required the time corresponding to 50° 31'.

50° 31'
4

Degrees of longitude are to each other in length, as the cosines of their latitudes.