LATIN MAXIMS AND PHRASES. XXXV Personne ne peut s'acquérir un droit ni se rendre creanicier d'un autre per des actes q'uil faire a sa volonté-No one can acquire a right or make himself the creditor of another by acts which depend solely on his own will...... 190 (d) Per vinum aut lasciviam lapsis, capitalis pœna remittenda est-Capital punishment is to be remitted to those who err through drunkenness or lust.. 645 (7) Philotas, verone an mendacio liberare se a cruciatu voluerit, anceps conjectura est, quoniam et vera confessis, et falsa dicentibus, idem doloris finis ostenditur-It is doubtful whether Philotas wished to free himself from torture by the truth or a lie, since the same termination of pain is shown to those who confess the truth and those who speak falsehood.......244 (w) Placita-Plural of placitum. ... Placitum-Used generally to signify the side note of a reported case-a plea.... Post litem motam-After the dispute arose.. Post mortem-After death.... . Post obit-After he is dead (usually said of a Bond).. .68 (w), 613 142,164 253,737 648 sumed 697 Potior est conditio defendentis-The condition of a defendant is the better.. 642 Præsumptio juris-Presumption of law..... 98,675,692 (i) Præsumptiones juris et de jure--Presumptions of law and fact. 98,692 (i) 98 Præsumptiones hominis, (or) facti-Presumptions of fact, or natural presump tions. Prejudiciales-Prejudged... Primâ facie-At first view.. 673 85,473 92,94,98, et seq. Priora præsumuntur a posterioribus-From the posterior we presume the prior. 697 Pro veritate-As true.. 85,473 Probatio artificialis-Artificial proof... 597 Probatio inartificialis-Inartificial proof... .597 Probatis extremis, præsumuntur media-Where the extremes are proved, in Quæstiones nobis servorum ac tormenta accusator minitatur ; in quibus quamquam nihil periculi suspicamur, tamen illa tormenta gubernat dolor, regit quæsitor, flectitlibido, corrumpit spes, infirmat metus; ut in tot rerum angustiis nihil veritati loci relinquatur-The accuser threatens us with the torture of slaves, in which though we suspect no danger, yet these pain and gain govern, passion twists, hope corrupts, fear weakens, so that in such straits there is no room left for truth.. 244 (w) Quæstioni fidem non semper, nec tamen nunquam habendam, constitutionibus declaratur ; etenim res est fragilis, et periculosa, et quæ veritatem fallat. Nam plerique patientiâ sive duritiâ tormentorum ita tormenta contemnunt, ut exprimi eis veritas nullo modo possit; alii tanta sunt impatientia, ut potius mentiri, quam pati tormenta, velint; ita fit ut etiam vario modo fateantur et non tantum se, verum etiam, alios criminentur-It is declared in the constitutions that reliance is not always nor yet ever to be placed on torture; for it is a fragile and dangerous experiment and one which deceives us. For many, by patience, or callousness of torments, so despise torture, that truth cannot be squeezed out of them; others are of such an impatient turn that they would rather lie than suffer torture; so it happens that they confess in various ways, and criminate not only themselves but others.. ...244 (w) Qui a reconnu que ce n'étoit pas moi-Who has recognized that it was not I. .271 Qui hæret in literâ hæret in cortice-He who considers merely the letter of an instrument goes but skin deep into its meaning... .748 Qui peceat ebrius, luat sobrius-He who errs drunk, let him pay sober....... 645 Qui regulam pro se habet transfert onus probandi in adversarium-He who has a rule in his side shifts the burthen of proof unto his adversary..... 589 Qui ne m'a pas reconnu-Who has not recognized me. Qui tacet consentire videtur-Silence gives consent.... ..271 .740 Qui talia non nisi auditu probari possunt-Because such matters can only be proved by hearsay. .138 (h) Quibus auxiliis-By which assistance... .809 Quid-What.... .809 Quilibet potest renuntiare juri pro se introducto-Every one may renounce the benefit of a right made in his favor. .666 Quod ex facto oritur ambiguum, verificatione facti tollitur-Any ambiguity which arises from a fact may be explained by a verification of fact......633 Quod voluit, non dixit-He has not expressed his meaning........ .766 Quomodo-How...... .809 Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla exposito contra verba fienda ...... .663 758 Res gesta-The facts of a transaction.. Res inter alios acta-Things done between strangers...62,63,68,83,300,468,476, ...... 66,120,121,123,304 ...662. 488,542,841 476 85,473 Res inter alios judicata-Matters decided between strangers.. LATIN MAXIMS AND PHRASES. Res judicata-A matter decided.... xxxvii 482 Res judicata pro veritate accipitur-A thing adjudicated is received as true.85,465, 473,685 Res nova-New thing.... .489 Petraxit-He withdrew. 482 Reus in exceptione actor est-If the defendant relies on an exception, he is to prove it. 595 Scribere est agere-To write is to act. Secundum allegata et probata-According to the pleadings and the proofs.81 (i), 600,612,775 .123 Secundum jus et norma loquendi-According to the custom and rule of speaking...... 747 Secundum subjectam materiem-According to the subject matter.. 754 .772 Semper in obscuris quod minimum est sequimur-Of two difficulties choose the less...... .838 Semper præsumitur pro legitimatione puerorum, et filiatio non potest probari-Legitimacy of children (born in wedlock) is always presumed and bastardy cannot be proved, Seriatim-In order, one by one... Si de fide tabularum, &c.-If the genuineness of writings is not questioned, witnesses cannot be interrogated in contradiction to them.. 629 (x) Soi-disant-Self styled, pretended.... 214 Son assault demesne-In his own defence (a form of plea)......... 601 Stabitur in præsumptione donec probetur in contrarium-A presumption shall prevail, till the contrary be proved.... ..588 (x) Status Position, condition, state. 113,470,475,479,497 Stellionatus-Obtaining by false pretences, or swindling.. 795 Subpœnâ duces tecum-A writ personally served upon a person who has in his possession any written instrument, &c. which would be evidence, to compel him to produce it. Literally you shall bring with you under penalty.... Sui juris-Of his own right.. Super visum corporis-On the examination of the body. Super visum vulneris-Upon the sight of the wound.... Tædium vitæ-Weariness of life...... 412,576 219 .823 ..66 260 Testimonium testis, quando in unâ parte falsum, præsumitur esse et in cæteris partibus falsum-When the testimony of a witness is false in one part it is presumed to be false in all other parts.. .425 (q) Testis de auditu non probat nisi in antiquis. Et in universum id in præsentia scias, quod ubi verus hominis actus est probandus, probatio per auditum non sufficiat. Limita non procedere in antiqua et in his quæ hominum memoriam excedunt, quia talia auditu probari possunt-A witness cannot depose as to hearsay except in ancient matters, for you may take this as a universal rule, that when human acts are to be proved, hearsay evidence is not sufficient. But this rule does not extend to ancient facts and those which are beyond the memory of man, because such things can only be proved by hearsay...... ..138 (h) Testis debet attestari de his vel quæ vidit vel quæ sensu corporis certa esse percepit, alias dolas præsumitur, nec ignorantiæ vel erroris excusatio prodest.-A witness ought to depose to those things which he has either seen or ascertained to be true by his bodily senses: otherwise deceit is presumed, and neither the excuse of ignorance nor error is of use.....138 (h) Transit in rem judicatam-A matter already judicially decided........... Turpis est pars quæ cum suo toto non convenit, maledicta expositio quæ corrumpit textum-Base is the part which will not square with its own whole, and cursed the exposition which corrupts the text.. Tutius semper est errare acquietando quam in puniendo, ex parte misericordiæ quam ex parte justitiæ It is always safe to err in acquitting them in punishing on the side of mercy, than of strict justice.. Ubi-Where.... 465 .... 769 300 (g), 846 Unum quodque ligamen dissolvitur eodem ligamine quo ligatur-Every contract or agreement ought to be dissolved by the same means which rendered it binding. 809 653 Ut lex moneat oportet, priusquam feriat-It is right the Law should admonish before it strikes.. ....764 a Ut res valeat magis quam pereat―That an act may avail rather than not avail Ut supra-As above stated.... 770,837 ..645 (7) Utile per inutile non vitiatur-The essential is not vitiated by the un-essential 598 Vanæ voces populi non sunt audiendæ, nec enim vocibus eorum credi oportet, quando aut noxium crimine absolvi aut innocentem condemnari desiderant-Idle popular rumour is not to be listened to, nor ought popular clamour to be trusted, either when it desires to acquit the guilty or condemn the innocent.. Verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem--The words of grants are to be taken most strongly against him who advances the grant as his protection.... 126 Vestigia Footsteps, marks Vice versa-The reverse. 764 305 456,488,739 et seq. Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subveniunt-Laws assist the vigilant, not those who sleep upon their rights... Viperina est expositio quæ corrodit viscera textûs-Poisonous is that construction which corrupts the words of the text.. Viperina expositio-Poisonous construction... Vivâ voce .98,686 748 752 -By the living voice, i. e. by word of mouth.309,328,519,504,508,et seq. Voir dire-Examining a witness before he gives evidence in the cause to ascertain whether he be interested or not.. .365,413 Voluntarius dæmon-A demoniac by his own voluntary act (used of a drunkard).. .645(1) § 1. Law is either Divine or Human. The former is not the subject of our present consideration: our attention is confined to Human Law. § 2. Human Law(a) may be divided on various principles; that which is most useful for our present purpose is to divide it into International and National. § 3. By International, I refer to those great fundamental principles of justice, by which States, equal among each other, and owning no superior, have nevertheless agreed to be mutually bound, and which by comity of Nations are embodied in the Law of Nations. Such for instance, are the Rights of War and Peace. This great branch of law we may also exclude. § 4. There remains the other branch: National, or as it is somewhat infelicitously termed Municipal Law. (b) The particular Municipal Law with which we are concerned, is the Municipal or National Law of England. § 5. Blackstone's definition of Human Law in general, slightly altered, will describe the Law of England. It is "The rule of civil conduct, prescribed by the supreme power in the State."(c) § 6. But though all the Law is prescribed, it is not therefore all reduced to writing. The Law of England consists partly of written, partly of unwritten rules. (a) How Human Law depends upon Divine: See Stephen's Commentaries, p. 22—3. (6) Municipal Law, derived from Municipium, a borough town, ought more correctly to be confined to Borough Law, in which sense it is frequently used; but custom has so thoroughly identified the term with National Law, that it might be thought pedantic to object to it. (c) Blackstone, p. 44. Observe also the various members of this definition; 1st, that Law is a rule," 2nd, of civil conduct; 3rd, prescribed; 4th, by the supreme power in a State. And read his observations upon each clause of his definition. |