Observe certain characteristics and see how they are preserved in their several forms. Thus σ is the characteristic of the future. Accordingly, you find o in the future indicative, in the future subjunctive, in the future infinitive, in the future participle. From the future the first aorist is immediately derived, and so the σ appears in its forms. In the first aorist forms, however, the r is connected, not with o, but with a, forming σα. This, then, may be considered as the characteristic of the first aorist; and this characteristic runs through all the forms of that tense. Thus, when you know the characteristic of a tense, you easily ascertain what part of the tense any particular form is, and how it stands connected with other parts of the same stem, as well as with other stems, and with the common root. Several of the forms of the verb recur; such forms are distinguished in the paradigm by an asterisk. Let the Student collect these and compare them together, until he is familiar with them, assigning each to their several positions in the verb. Thus, λυσω is either the first person singular indicative future active, or it is the first person singular of the aorist first subjunctive : λυσαι occurs three times, as-l. the second person singular imperative aorist first middle; 2. the third person singular optative aorist first active; and, 3. as the infinitive of the first aorist active. As an exercise, let the Student write out, in full, in the active voice, the three verbs τιω, βουλευω, and λουω, given above. Having written them carefully several times over from the copy, let him write them out from memory, beginning with one tense, then taking two tenses, then three tenses at a time, until he can accomplish the whole. Let him also perform, in writing, the ensuing exercises; giving from memory the Greek forms required; and assigning, also from memory, the English significations. EXERCISES.-GREEK-ENGLISH. Λυων ; λυσειν ; λυει; λελυκα ; ελελυκειν ; λυσω ; λυσοιτην; λυσοις; λυετω; λυετε; ελυον; λυσει; λυομεν; ελυετον ; λυοιμι; ελυσα; λελυκε; ελυσε; λυσαιμι; λυσον; λυσατων; λυσας; λελυκω; λελυκας; ελελυκεσαν; ελυσαν; λελυκασι; λυσαιτε; λυσης; πεφηνας; ελιπες; λιπης; λιποις; λιπετω ; λιπων; πεφηνεναι; λιπης; επεφηνεις; πεφηνοι; λυσειε ; λυσειαν. ENGLISH-GREEK. I have appeared; ye two left; he might leave; ye might leave; they loose; they may loose; they might loose; ye might have loosed; loose thou ; let them loose ; I have loosed ; ye will loose; they may have loosed; he might have loosed ; to loose; to be about to loose; being about to loose; having loosed; he may loose; they two had loosed; ye two might loose; ye two may loose; they have appeared; ye two have appeared; he has appeared. You must also, my young friends, accustom yourselves to parse, that is, to assign or declare the several parts of the verbs (and of all words), as well as the grammatical relations they bear to other words. At present, however, we have to do with such exercises as will best aid you to thoroughly master the conjugation of the verb. In regard, then, to the active voice now set forth, as well as to other parts to be hereafter given, write down very carefully, and correct what you write by the paradigm, the several parts of the GreekEnglish exercise, distinguishing-1. the root; 2. the augment; 3. the tense stem; 4. the tense; 5. the mood-vowel; 6. the tense stem with the mood-vowel; 7. the personending; 8. the tense stem, together with the mood-vowel and the person-ending. Take as an instance, εβουλεύσατο, he took counsel. The word may be divided thus, ε-βουλευ-σ-α-το. Of these elements, βουλευ is the root; e is the augment; ε, combined with βουλευ, forms εβουλευ-, which is the tense stem of the imperfect indicative active; the σ, the tense characteristic of the first aorist, and thus the stem of this part will be εβουλευσ-; the a is the mood-vowel of the indicative frst aorist, giving us εβουλευσα ; finally, the To is the person-ending of the third person singular of an historical tense of the middle voice; namely, εβουλευσα το, being the third person singular number first aorist middle voice, from βουλευομαι; the active form of which is βουλευω ; and the chief parts are βουλευω, βουλεύσω, βεβουλευκα ; for, in all instances, you are to give the root as found in the Lexicons, and the principal parts, as well as to tell—l. the person; 2. number; 3. the mood; 4. tense; 5. the voice, of every verb, and every form of every verb that you meet with. The participles which you have in the paradigm arepresent, λυων ; future, λυσων; second aorist, λιπων; frst aorist, λυσας ; frst perfect, λελυκως; second perfect, πεφηνως. ων, which of these, λυων, λυσων, and λιπων are declined like occurs in the last lesson but one; and repnvwg is declined like λελυκως. If, then, I give you the forms of λυσας and λελυκως, you will have the whole immediately under your You will remember having been already informed, and you have doubtless seen by experiment, that ammonia blackens calomel. Well, both lime-water and liquor potassæ also blacken it, as you will find on trying the experiment. Lime-water and liquor potassæ, however, do not blacken the bichloride, but throw down from solutions containing it, a reddish-yellow powder.* Furthermore, liquor potassæ, if boiled with animal substancesespecially albuminous ones-rapidly dissolves them. To demonstrate this result, you have only to take a piece of white of egg, rendered hard by boiling, put it into a little flask with liquor potassæ, and boil again. A sort of frothy liquid will result, and the coagulated albumen will dissolve. It now follows, from a con Active. I loose. sideration of what we have seen, that if the solid result of the addition of albumen to a solution of bichloride of mercury be really calomel, it should behave calomel-fashion; in other words, it should turn black on the addition of liquor potassæ. But the fact is, that the substance in question, if boiled with liquor potassæ, turns red or yellowish; proving that the mercury exMoreover, in virtue of the property which liquor potassæ has of dissolving animal substances, it breaks up the mercurial preparation, leaving the metallic basis (peroxide of mercury) free; and abstracts chlorine-which latter having been demonstrated to exist by means of nitrate of silver, employed with the precautions already enumerated, the substance under examination is demonstrated to be bichloride of mercury. LESSONS IN CHEMISTRY.-No. XXIII. RESUMING the consideration of bichloride of mercury, we have now to examine the methods of detecting it in organic solutions; and the latter being innumerable as to variety, a rough classifica-isting in this compound is not a proto, but a per compound. tion of them must be effected. Perhaps the best-the most practical classification of them-is the binary one of albuminous and non-albuminous mixtures. We have already seen the effect of adding white of egg to a solution of this poison, a dense white precipitate (albuminate of mercury, as it is sometimes called), but more correctly, chlorhydrargyrate of albumen, is thrown down. Now, white of egg, so far from being the only source of albumen, is but one amongst very many; indeed it would be difficult to find any animal fluid or solid without albumen entering into its composition, Nay, even vegetables contain albumen. Therefore it follows, that if we add bichloride of mercury to almost any organic fluid at random, whether animal or vegetable, we shall get a precipitate. It is most important, in all cases of toxicologic examinations having reference to the bichloride of mercury (toxicology means the chemistry of poisons)—it is most important, I say, to remember, that, owing to the known chemical relations and affinities of the bichloride, this substance may have been given as a poison, and yet none may be found in the contents of the stomach, every particle having been converted into the solid state. This circumstance involves the evidence, as to the administration or non-administration of the poison in a certain amount of confusion. The poisoner's agent a mercurial agent) is in itself soluble; whereas the substance we find (a mercurial substance?) is insoluble. Now calomel, too, is a mercurial agent; and calomel, as every person knows, is frequently exhibited in the course of medical practice. If the opinion entertained before the investigations of Devergie on this subject were really true-if, I say, the white compound thrown down on the addition of white of eggs to bichloride of mercury were really calomel, then the confusion would be complete. I have already told you it is not calomel; and now I lay before you a chain of reasoning, which shall have for its result the demonstration that the substance in question is not calomel; but we must arrive at our demonstration step by step. Supposing, then, the contents of a stomach brought before you, and that, from the history of the case and the symptoms, the administration of bichloride of mercury is assumed; first settle the question, so vital in a legal point of view, whether or not a soluble salt of mercury be present. Try a portion of the solution by the key and sovereign test; try a portion by the test of ether; do not forget to hunt after, and remove if present, any little particles of bichloride which may happen to remain still undissolved. Having, by all or any of these methods, determined the presence of bichloride of mercury, and made out its quantity as well as we can, then we may proceed on the basis of getting out the general mercurial contents in any form most convenient under the circumstances. The processes for bringing about the latter result are subject to a vast number of modifications, but they may be grouped under the following heads : (1) Process of dissolving away organic impurities and leaving the mercury. (2) Process of dissolving out the mercury, and leaving the organic impurities. The first process is accomplished by boiling with liquor potassæ, as we have already seen. Although our experiment was specially * The liquids known in surgical practice as "black" and "yellow" wash are formed, the first by adding lime-water to calomel, the second, lime-water to corrosive sublimate. The coloured results are black or protoxide, and red or peroxide of mercury. 1 directed to the case of albumen, yet it happens in practice that all, or nearly all, animal and vegetable substances are capable of solution in liquor potassæ. Therefore the contents of the most omniverous stomach may be committed to the potash flask with the almost perfect assurance that every thing, except the mercurial compound, will be dissolved. The latter, as we have already seen, would be converted by this treatment into the red or peroxide, which, being collected, might be reduced to the metallic state by a method to be presently described. The second plan is carried into execution by boiling the contents of the stomach with nitromuriatic acid; i.e. a mixture of aquafortis and spirit of salt (two to one by measure). This liquid has the property of rendering soluble all otherwise insoluble compounds of mercury. (Demonstrate this proposition on calomel. Use a test-tube. The boiling must be prolonged; and the fluid result of such ebullition will be bichloride of mercury. Demonstrate this by the tests for bichloride of mercury.) By proceeding thus, we disembarrass the mercury from its organic associates, and obtain a solution, from which it may be thrown down; for which purpose, no agent is better than protochloride of tin, the nature and uses of which have been so fully described under the head of tin, that further notice here is unnecessary. The student will not fail to remark that the latter mode of procedure, although unexceptionable as a means of extracting mercury, destroys all evidence as to the condition in which the mercury existed. For aught we might know to the contrary, calomel might have been the specific mercurial compound from which the result was obtained, inasmuch as the treatment with nitromuriatic acid had for its prime object the conversion of insoluble mercurial preparations, of whatever nature, into a soluble one, and that bichloride. Supposing the existence of bichloride to have been previously made out, the objection would not lie: otherwise it would be fatal to the medical testimony. Finally, it may be stated that all mercurial solid compounds are decomposed when mixed with black flux and heated in a tube, metallic mercury subliming. The method of discriminating it when thus sublimed, from all other substances, and especially from arsenic, have been already detailed under the head of tin. It was to this mode of proceeding that I alluded just now, in stating that the red or "peroxide" of mercury being collected might be reduced to the metallic state by a method to be presently described. LESSONS IN ITALIAN GRAMMAR.-No. XXI. Of the University of Pavia, and Professor of the German and Italian THIS preposition denotes: Per. per cáu-sa, per ra-gió-ne, per mo-ti-vo, on account of, for, by reason of, for the purpose of, with a view to, etc.; per me, per te, per lui, per lê-i, per noi, per voi, for my, thy, his, her, our, your sake, on my, thy account, for me, thee, him, her, us, you. III. A purpose, end, or aim in view, object, tendency, endeavour, effort. This is a most frequent and important use of per, which in this case exactly coincides with the English conjunctions to, in order to, so as to; e.g. è ve-nú-to per ve-dér-vi, he has come to see you; stu-diá-re, lêg-ge-re, tra-dúr-re per im-pa-rá-re, to study, to read, to translate in order to learn; giuo-cá-re per di-ver-tir-si, man-giá-re per ví-ve-re, to play, to be amused or diverted with, to eat in order to live; lo di-ce per bur-lár-ti, he says so to laugh at you; per ser-vir-la, to serve or wait on you (.e. I am at your service, sir, yes, sir, etc.; e. g. il pa-dró-ne è in cá-sa? Per ser-vír-la, si-gnó-re. Is master within? Yes, sir). İV. An ability or qualification to do a thing, also in this case corresponding to the English conjunction to, or to suitable prepositions with present participles; e. g. él-la ha in-gé-gno ab-ba-stán-za per fár-lo mê-glio di lui, she has sufficient intellect to do it better than he, or of (for) doing it better than he; é-gli è trôp-po o-nê-sto per in-gan-nár-vi, he is too honest to deceive you. V. The state of being about to do or on the point of doing anything; e. g. ês-se-re, stá-re per fá-re qual-che cô-sa, to be about to do something; só-no, stô per an-dá-re in Frán-cia, I am on the point of starting for France; stá-re per mo-rí-re, to be at the point of death. VI. Any substitution of persons and things, exchange, barter, etc., corresponding to the English prepositions in the place of, instead of, in lieu of, for, etc.; e. g. ho ven-dú-to il mi-o "ca-vál-lo per diê-ci dóp-pie, I have sold my horse for ten pistoles; prênder l' ú-no per l' ál-tro, to take one for or in the place of the other; fá-re ú-na cô-sa per un' ál-tra, to make one thing for or in the place of another; quei du-e só-no fœt-tî l' ú-no per l' ál-tro, those two are made one for the other; an-dá-te là per me, go there instead of me. VII. A continuation with regard to space or time; e. g. cór-rere per un mi-glio, to run a mile; fa-ti-cá-re per tút-to un giór-no, to work hard for a whole day; an-dá-re per têr-ra, per má-re, to go by land, by sea; stra-sci-ná-re per têr-ra, to drag or trail along the ground; è par-tí-to per sê-i giór-ni, he has departed for six days; la mí-a má-dre è stá-to ma-la-tíc-cia per al-cú-ni giór-ni, my mother has been indisposed for several days. VIII. Distributive portions; e.g. tán-to per giór-no, per mé-sc, so much a day, a month; tản to per uô-ma, per tê-sta, so much a man, a head; tre sol-dá-ti per cá-sa, tre uô-va per ú-no, three soldiers for every house, three eggs for one. I. The passage through a place, or, more generally speaking, a relation between two objects, one of which gets moving along, piercing, penetrating, etc., through another, e. g. é-gli pas-sò per la cá-me-ra, he went through the room; a Ro-ma si può an-dá-re per Fi-rên-ze, o per Lo-ré-to, one may go to Rome by way of Florence or of Loretto; pas-sá-re per ú-na cit-tá, to pass through a town; l'a-cqua che scór-re per qué-sto ca-ná-le, the water which runs through this canal; man-dá-re ú-na lêt-favour; pre-gá-re Di-o per ú-no, to pray to God for one; hô te-ra per Ró-ma a Ná-po-li, to send a letter to Naples viâ Rome; per di qua, per di lá, through this place, through here, through that place; per di sót-to, per di só-pra, through under there, through above there. II. The cause, motive, means by which any purpose is or can be effected, instrumentality. The latter idea, however, is most frequently expressed by the words me-dián-te, per mêz-zo di, per ví-a di, by means of, by the agency of, through; e. g. é-gli tá-ce per ti-mó-re, per ver-gó-gna, he is silent out of fear, for shame. La-vó-ra per qua-dá-gno, he works for the sake of interest, gain, or lucre; lo-go-rá-to per il lún-go ú-so, worn out by a long use; é-gli è in pri-gió-ne per dé-bi-ti, he is in prison for debt; lo fa pel sú-o van-tág-gio, he does it for his own benefit; per va-na-glô-ria, non per mi-se-ri-côr-dia, for the sake of a foolish pride or vainglory, not of mercy; non po-té-va far môt-to per ráb-bia, per do-ló-re, he could not speak with rage, with pain; dd-re per l'a-mór di Dio, to give for the love of God; per la qual cô-sa, on that account, for that; per ca-gió-ne, In addition to these uses the preposition per frequently coincides with by; e. g. fá-re qual-che cô-sa per ór-di-ne del padró-ne, to do something by order of the master; per co-mán-do del re, by order of the king; per vô-stro con-si-glio, by your advice; prên-de-re, te-nér ú-no per la má-no, per nn brác-cio, to take, hold one by the hand, by one arm; ti-rár pe' ca-pé-gli, to pull by the hair; me-ná-re pel ná-so, to lead by the nose; ap-pic-cd-re pe' piê-di, to hang up by the feet; chia-má-re ù-no per il sú-o nó-me, to call one by his name;-with for: e.g. i-o parle-rò per voi (instead of a fa-vór vó-stro), I shall speak in your fát-to qué-sto per te, I have done this for thee, for thy benefit, on thy account; man-dá-re, an-dd-re per ú-na cô-sa, to send, go for a thing; so-spi-rd-re per ú-na cô-sa, to sigh for a thing; pel bên púb-bli-co, for the general good; per e-sêm-pio, for example;-with as or to be, particularly in those cases when after some verbs, as te-né-re, ri-pu-tá-re, etc., per is used instead of có-me, as, e. g. te-né-re, ri-pu-tá-re ú-no per va-lo-ró-so, to lock upon one as brave, or take him to be brave; te-né-te-mi per vô-stro, consider me as yours, or think me to be yours; te-ner per fer-mo (instead of có-me fér-mo), to look upon it as certain; cré-der or a-vér per vé-ro (instead of có-me vé-ro), to believe it to be true; a-vér per ni-ên-te,* to look upon it as nothing, i. e. to think lightly of it; dá-re al-cu-no per i-spac-ciá-to, to give one up as lost; vel dô per si-cu-ro, I give you this as quite sure;with on the part or side of: e. g. per pá-dre, per má-dre, on the * This phrase also means: to have something ridiculously cheap, or almost for nothing. part or side of the father, of the mother, by or on the paternal, maternal side; per pár-te mí-a, on my part, for my part, as for me;-with in: e. g. per mi-o pa-ré-re, in my opinion; al-cúni per lo giar-dí-no si ri-má-se-ro, some remained in the garden; ce-nid-mo per lo fré-sco, let us take our supper in the cool; le biá-de on-dég-gia-no per i cám-pi, the corn waves to and fro in the fields;—with the preposition to: e.g. get-tá-re per têr-ra, to throw, hurl, or pitch to ground. An important use of per is the following:-Per quanto, or merely per (along with the noun, adjective, verb, etc., immediately connected with it) in the course of the sentence followed by che (thus: per...che), signify as much as: however, as, whatever, etc. e. g. per pô-co ch' i-o bé-va, however little I may drink, or little as I may drink; per bêl-la ch' él-la sí-a, however beautiful she may be, or beautiful as she may be; per po-té-re ch' é-gli áb-bia a nuô-ce-re, whatever power he may have to do harm; per quán-to ac-côr-to ú-no si-a (or per ac-côr-to che ú-no sí-a), however wise any one may be; per quan-to pô-co la-vó-ri (or per pô-co che la-vó-ri) gua-dá-gna pe-rò da ví-ve-re, however little he may work, still he gains his livelihood (i. e. to live). It is obvious that even this detailed illustration of the uses of per cannot do full justice to the great variety of its meanings; and only a judicious reading of good authors will enable the pupil to make up this deficiency. Many phrases not explained in the preceding remarks will be clear to him at first sight, and without an effort; e. g. é-gli ha per mó-glie ú-na Romá-na, he has married a Roman; a-vére ú-no per a-mí-co, to have a friend in one, etc. A careful study of the following exercise and vocabulary, and indeed of all the exercises and vocabularies on the prepositions hitherto explained, will perhaps be the best preparation for a more thorough knowledge of the language in this direction. EXERCISES.-ITALIAN-ENGLISH. Lo fô per pia-cé-re, e non per do-vé-re. L' ha pré-so per man-têl-lo. I'-o lo tén-ni per un ga-lant-uô-mo, I'-o pár-lo per vô-stro van-tág-gio. Per ver-gó-gna di-vên-ne rós-so. Per ri-guár-do dell' a-mí-co. Lo in-dús-se per ví-a di mi-nác. ce. Sôf-fre per ca-gió-ne di lui. Mól-ti da lui ve-ni-va-no per con-sí-glio. Vên-ne per le pô-ste. E'-gli viên giór-no per giór-no. Lo dí-co per vô-stro bê-ne. I-o per me sa-rê-idi pa-ré-re. Ah Si-gnó-re! per ca-ri-tà non mi pre-ci-pi-ta-te. Îl sán-gue per le vé-ne ag-ghiác-cia. Per le víl-le, per i campi, per le ví-e e per le cá-se di dì e di nôt-te mo-riê-no (Boccaccio). Per pô-co sa-rê-i ca-dù-to. Per lo con-sí-glio di co-lú-i. Fu sep-pel-lí-to per môr-to. Li la-sciá-ro-no per môr-ti. L' ha pré-sa per mó-glie. An-dá-re per ú-na cô-sa. Me-ná-re per la má-no. Per un têm-po de-ter-mi-ná-to. L'ha im-pre-stá-to per quín-di-ci giór-ni. Per lo pas-sá-to (per l' ad-diê-tro) si vi-vé-va bê-ne. Pán-no per un ve-stí-to. En-trá-re per la fi-nê-stra, per l'ú-scio. Por-te-rò le spé-se per me-tà. Va-lú-ta-no la lí-ra ster-lí-na per vén-ti scel-lí-ni. Non lo pôs-so dá-re per mé-no di diê-ci fio-rí-ni. Per la príma, per l'úl-ti-ma volta. An-no per án-no. Per pô-co têmpo, per brê-ve spá-zio di têm-po. Per man-cán-za di daná-rc. Per a-mór sú-o. Per mi-a fè. Per têm-po. U'-na vôl-ta per sêm-pre. Per sú-o lí-be-ro_vo-lé-re. Per viág-gio, per i-strá-da. Per ó-ra non pôs-so. Va per grá-di. Per qual ra-gió-ne? Per buô-na sôr-te. Per buổ-na ven-tú-ra. Per av-ven-tú-ra. Per dis-grá-zia. Per át-to di a-mi-cí-zia, di ca-ri-tà, di con-ve-niên-za. Ci va per má-re o per têr-ra? Pêz-zo per pêz-zo, pár-te per pár-te. Per Dí-o! per ca-ri-tà! Co-nó-scer per fá-ma. Per i-spa-ven-ta-re. Per lo che, per lo quá-le. Per lo mé-no, per lo più. Per pô-co (or quá-si) sa-re-i môr-to. Per un án-no, per un' ó-ra, per un giór-no. Chia-már per nó-me. Per po-tér ch' él-la áb-bia. Per pensiê-ri che a-vés-se. Per quán-ti sí-a-no i nô-stri ne-mí-ci. Per quán-te lá-gri-me ei spar-ga. Per quán-ta fôr-z3 a-vér mâ-i pôs-sa. Lo fo, I do it. VOCABULARY. Pice, pleasure. Io io tenni, I took him. Io parlo, I speak. Vantaggio, advantage, benefit, profit, good. Vergogna, shame, bashfulness. Divenne rosso, he turned red, blushed, coloured. Lo indusse, he induced him, Via, way, road, street, route; Cagione, cause, occasion, rea- Posta, f., post (in posta or per Passato, the past, time past, Si viveva bene, people lived Uscio, street door, outside door, Lira sterlina, pound sterling. it. Meno, less. Dieci, ten. Fiorino, florin. Giorno, day (giorno per giorno, Non lo posso dare, I cannot give as I am, thou art, concerned, as to or as for me, thee, for my, thy, part). Sarei, should be. Parere, opinion. Carità, charity, compassion, mercy (per carità, for the love of God, for God's sake). Non mi precipitate, do not ruin Agghiaccia, freezes or curdles. villa, f., villa, country-house, country-seat. Campo, al., field. Di di e di notte, day and night. Morieno, they died. Poco, little (per poco, almost, nearly, well nigh, within a hair's breath, I, hc, we, you, etc. had like to, etc. I, he, etc. was near being, etc.) Sarei caduto, I should have made a fall (per poco sarei caduto, I had like to have made a fall). Colui, he, that (per lo consiglio di colui or per lo colui consi- Li lasciarono, they left them Menare, to lead or guide. Determinato, definite. Primo, m., prima, f., first. Anno, year (anno per anno, year Amor, love (per amore, for love, for sake, on account of, for). Suo, his (per amor suo, out of Mio, m., mia, f., my. Tempo, time (per tempo, in time, Una volta, once (una volta per Viaggio, journey (per viaggic, Grado, degree, step (per gradi, Ventura, fortune, luck, adven- Atto, act, action, deed (per atto Terra, earth, land (per mare, Conoscere, to know. nown. Spaventare, to frighten, terrify, Die-ci-sêt-te, seventeen. ally, ordinarily, customa-La sê-dia, the chair, seat. Quasi, almost, as if. Ora, hour. Chiamar, to call. Quanto, m., quanta, f., how I Il mé-se, the month. La set-ti-má-na, the week. ITALIAN-ENGLISH. I pá-dri e le má-dri. I buô-ni pa-dri e le buô-ne má-dri. I lí-bri só-no buô-ni. Le pén-ne só-no bu6-ne. Qué-sti álbe-ri só-no ál-ti. Le cá-se di qué-sta cit-tà só-no al-tís-si-me e bel-lís-si-me. Qué-sto pô-ve-ro è sêm-pre con-tên-to. Le fi-glie di nô-stro zí-o só-no con-ten-tís-si-me. A'n-che i pô(per poter ch'ella abbia, what-ve-ri só-no spés-so con-tên-ti. Le pén-ne di mí-a so-rêl-la sóno pic-co-le. Le cu-gi-ne di Gio-van-ni só-no pô-ve-re. Quéever power she may have). Pensiero, thought. ste lêt-te-re só-no môl-to píc-co-le. A-vé-te voi tro-va-to Che avesse, he might have qué-ste pén-ne nel nô-stro cor-tí-le? Ab-biá-mo tro-vá-to i lí-bri e le pén-ne di vô-stro fra-têl-lo. Hai tu ve-dú-to le (per pensieri che avesse, lêt-te-re di mi-o cu-gi-no? Qué-sti giar-dí-ni só-no di mí-o however much he may have zí-o. I lí-bri di mí-o zí-o só-no ú-ti-li. I fan-ciúl-li di quéto think). fió-ri ed i fan-ciúl-li. Gli a-mí-ci di Gio-ván-ni só-no ar-risto uô-mo só-no ra-gio-né-vo-li. La má-dre d’En-ri-co á-ma i vá-ti. Le a-mí-che di mi-a s-rêl-la só-no par-tí-te per Róma. Gli ál-be-ri nel nô-stro giar-dí-no só-no an-có-ra mól-to pic-co-li. Qué-sti uô-mi-ni so-no sêm-pre mal-con-tên-ti. Le how-fi-glie di qué-sto giar-di-niê-re só-no an-có-ra mól-to gió-va-ni. I te-mi di mí-o cu-gi-no só-no fá-ci-li; ma i tê-mi di mí-o fra-têl-lo só-no mól-to dif-fí-ci-li. I vô-stxi cu-gi-ni só-no ríc-chi, ma le vô-stre so-rêl-le s6-no po-ve-ris-si-me. Hai tu ve-du-to gli ál-be-ri ed i fió-ri nel no-stro giar-dí-no? Nel no-stro giar-dí-no v' è un' ál-be-ro che è mól-to ál-to. Nél-la nó-stra cá-sa ci só-no quat-tór-di-ci stán-ze. In qué-sta stánza ci só-no dú-e tá-vo-le e dó-di-ci sê-die. Il nô-stro vi-cí-no ha cín-que fan-ciúl-li, tre fi-gli e dú-e fi-glie. In qué-sto giar-dí... ci só-no vén-ti grán-di ál-be-ri. Mí-o zi-o ha comprá-to quát-tro ca-vál-li. Ab-biá-mo ve-dú-to nél-la scuô-la tré-di-ci sco-lá-ri. Mi-o pá-dre ha quín-di-ci a-nêl-li e sê-i ta-bac-chiê-re. Noi ab-bia-mo un ar-ma-dio, sét-te lét-ti e nô-ve spêc-chj. L'án-no ha dó-di-ci mé-si, la set-ti-má-na ha sét-te giór-ni. Il mé-se ha quát-tro set-ti-ma-ne, e dú e o tre giór-ni. Nél-la nô-stra scuỗ-la só-no diê-ci scán-ni. Tre ví-a quát-tro đó-di-ci. Tre ví-a tre nô-ve. Lagrima, f., tear. Forza, strength. COLLOQUIAL EXERCISES.-ITALIAN-ENGLISH. Il tê-ma, the theme, exercise I tê-mi, the themes, exercises, etc. I buô-ni lí-bri, the good books. I gió-va-ni sêr-vi, the young Al-to, high, tall. Só-no di, belong to (i.e. are of). Inô-stri fra-têl-li, our brothers. Gli spêc-chj, thelooking-glasses, L tôi-mo, the human being,| man. Gli uó-mi-nī, the human beings, men. | vants. COLLOQUIAL EXERCISE.-ENGLISH-ITALIAN. The friends of my uncle are very rich. I have often seen It gió-va-ne sêr-vo, the young|these men. The children of our gardener's wife are reasonservant-man or man-ser- able. Our books are useful. London is a large town. The vant. houses of Paris are very high. Francis and William have. (i. e. are) arrived. The daughters of this poor woman are yet little. We have found Henry's sisters in the church. This mother is always satisfied, but our (female) neighbours are often dissatisfied. Your exercises are difficult, but the exercises of Lewis are very easy. Have you received these beautiful flowers from John? Our cousin has three snuff-boxes. I have received from my uncle a pen-knife and twenty pens. The (female) friend of my sister has five caps. This lady has seven children. I have bought two looking-glasses and six chairs. This man has four sons and two daughters, who arc Ra-gio-né-vo-le, reasonable, ra- very reasonable. We have received five letters from our П fió-re, the flower. tional, sensible. Quát-tro, four, Quat-tór-di-ci, fourteen. |